... in the future, as the amount of older inhabitants is increasing. Furthermore, transportation of patients and their visitors between homes and hospitals is a large component of the total health carehealth care related costs. This paper aims to estimate transport-related costs and develop ways to decrease...

.... The paper's focus was to identify systemic causes for poor patient flow so that the model could then be used to evaluate improvement options using a more complete view of the causal structure for the ED delays. Design/methodology/approach In this case study, a disciplined system dynamics approach was used...