Table 1 Factors motivating women’s... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Factors motivating women’s entrepreneurship and resisting growth among dental practitioners

Factors	Description	Empirical evidence
Family support	Family support is one major factor in the beginning and establishment of clinics for women dentists	“It took six months after getting married, to organise the clinic’s infrastructure with family support. Father-in-law has a great role in renovating the space and shaping it into the clinic”. “Husband travelled along while vising to negotiate with the vendor for chairs and other products” (Case 1). “Credit for success goes to the husband and father-in-law for supporting in arranging and establishing the infrastructure for it” (Case 2) “I worked because my husband always stood by my side; otherwise married women cannot work”. (Case 3) “I have always received push to become an independent woman from my family” (Case 4)
Altruism and financial independence	Women dentists are sensitive to the pain of others, and altruism is a stronger factor alongside financial gains among women dentists	“My work ethic lies in the values of suggesting to my patients what is right for them not for my financial gains, and attaining perfection in my work” (Case 1) “I have done BDS and serving through practice was my “KARMA”. In addition to that I feel to save the tooth.” “My patient tells me that half the pain vanishes during the consultation with me” (Case 2) “I often dream of travelling around the world, shopping as per my likes, and dining at restaurants. It is pathetic to wait for the husband to make plans which rarely happens in families of traditional mindsets” (Case 3)
Gendered selves of mothers	In parenting the women have internalised the great role of the mother in exchange for a subordinate gender identity	“Leaving a child in the care of the house help does not work for me and my family”. “I have reduced my working hours to look after my child but it didn’t affect my earnings significantly. My patients adjust according to my availability but sometimes I feel if I had freedom like men, I could be more successful than I am today” (Case 1) “To a certain age, it is the only mother who can rear a child. If both parents are working and there is no one in the family to look after the kid it is the mother only to leave working” (Case 2) “Real challenges came to my way after becoming a mother. I had to take a break from my work for one year, I didn’t earn a penny, my motivation was also low but I returned to work after some time” (Case 3)
Gender inclusive mem	One common support for dental practitioners is men in their lives are somewhat gender-neutral	“My husband was always supportive and away from such deep-rooted patriarchal notions” (Case 1) “There was no female in the house, my father-in-law never bound me to the role of the daughter-in-law or mother only. He cooked, looked after my child, and allowed me to work till late at night. I was lucky to have this kind of support from him and I’m sure neither my father nor my mother-in-law could do this for me” “I worked because my husband always stood by my side; otherwise, married women cannot work.” (Case 3)
Gender disparity	Women are treated as the second gender in society	“One male dentist in the close vicinity to my workplace who was junior to me in terms of experience presented himself in the market as a dental surgeon and for surgery, patients (including my loyal ones) started consulting only him for surgery assuming that I don’t do surgeries”. “In some cases, men try to overpower you, which require tactics to handle the situation” (Case 1). “My in-laws used to feel bad about my popularity more than my husband. My mother-in-law used to say Let your husband pay the expenses. why are you paying the bills? “Families always stand by their sons to support them in their careers. A less productive son receives greater support than a more productive daughter-in-law” (Case 3) People sometimes are rude and raise their voice to make a woman shut but we have to stand stiff” (Case 4)
Childcare expectations from the mother	One major problem that affected the emergence of female dentists was the expectation that only women could take care of children	“In the beginning, my family tried to stop me from travelling alone with a child” “Though having a supportive family to begin my work later, I also received tags of “bad mother” for continuing work”. “Despite having both parents educated, teaching the child is a responsibility of the mother, though husband and wife are both working, yet it is the responsibility of the wife to ensure cooking, school, and other family responsibilities” (Case 1) “Conflicts in the family and daily arguments on child care and motherhood are inevitable for working women” (Case 3) “Having a husband and child is considered to weigh more than having a successful career by a single woman” (Case 4)

Factors	Description	Empirical evidence
Family support	Family support is one major factor in the beginning and establishment of clinics for women dentists	“It took six months after getting married, to organise the clinic’s infrastructure with family support. Father-in-law has a great role in renovating the space and shaping it into the clinic”. “Husband travelled along while vising to negotiate with the vendor for chairs and other products” (Case 1). “Credit for success goes to the husband and father-in-law for supporting in arranging and establishing the infrastructure for it” (Case 2)“I worked because my husband always stood by my side; otherwise married women cannot work”. (Case 3)“I have always received push to become an independent woman from my family” (Case 4)
Altruism and financial independence	Women dentists are sensitive to the pain of others, and altruism is a stronger factor alongside financial gains among women dentists	“My work ethic lies in the values of suggesting to my patients what is right for them not for my financial gains, and attaining perfection in my work” (Case 1)“I have done BDS and serving through practice was my “KARMA”. In addition to that I feel to save the tooth.” “My patient tells me that half the pain vanishes during the consultation with me” (Case 2)“I often dream of travelling around the world, shopping as per my likes, and dining at restaurants. It is pathetic to wait for the husband to make plans which rarely happens in families of traditional mindsets” (Case 3)
Gendered selves of mothers	In parenting the women have internalised the great role of the mother in exchange for a subordinate gender identity	“Leaving a child in the care of the house help does not work for me and my family”. “I have reduced my working hours to look after my child but it didn’t affect my earnings significantly. My patients adjust according to my availability but sometimes I feel if I had freedom like men, I could be more successful than I am today” (Case 1)“To a certain age, it is the only mother who can rear a child. If both parents are working and there is no one in the family to look after the kid it is the mother only to leave working” (Case 2)“Real challenges came to my way after becoming a mother. I had to take a break from my work for one year, I didn’t earn a penny, my motivation was also low but I returned to work after some time” (Case 3)
Gender inclusive mem	One common support for dental practitioners is men in their lives are somewhat gender-neutral	“My husband was always supportive and away from such deep-rooted patriarchal notions” (Case 1)“There was no female in the house, my father-in-law never bound me to the role of the daughter-in-law or mother only. He cooked, looked after my child, and allowed me to work till late at night. I was lucky to have this kind of support from him and I’m sure neither my father nor my mother-in-law could do this for me”“I worked because my husband always stood by my side; otherwise, married women cannot work.” (Case 3)
Gender disparity	Women are treated as the second gender in society	“One male dentist in the close vicinity to my workplace who was junior to me in terms of experience presented himself in the market as a dental surgeon and for surgery, patients (including my loyal ones) started consulting only him for surgery assuming that I don’t do surgeries”. “In some cases, men try to overpower you, which require tactics to handle the situation” (Case 1). “My in-laws used to feel bad about my popularity more than my husband. My mother-in-law used to say Let your husband pay the expenses. why are you paying the bills? “Families always stand by their sons to support them in their careers. A less productive son receives greater support than a more productive daughter-in-law” (Case 3)People sometimes are rude and raise their voice to make a woman shut but we have to stand stiff” (Case 4)
Childcare expectations from the mother	One major problem that affected the emergence of female dentists was the expectation that only women could take care of children	“In the beginning, my family tried to stop me from travelling alone with a child”“Though having a supportive family to begin my work later, I also received tags of “bad mother” for continuing work”. “Despite having both parents educated, teaching the child is a responsibility of the mother, though husband and wife are both working, yet it is the responsibility of the wife to ensure cooking, school, and other family responsibilities” (Case 1)“Conflicts in the family and daily arguments on child care and motherhood are inevitable for working women” (Case 3)“Having a husband and child is considered to weigh more than having a successful career by a single woman” (Case 4)

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