Moderation of gender effects on enterprise failure
| Explanatory variables | Did business fail in 2011? (1=yes) | |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | |
| Gender | −0.454** (0.206) | −0.555** (0.226) |
| SCE | −0.308 (0.254) | −0.788** (0.317) |
| Gender * SCE | 0.338 (0.275) | 0.777** (0.338) |
| Factor | −0.006 (0.021) | −0.290** (0.121) |
| Gender * factor | −0.001 (0.022) | 0.038 (0.127) |
| Factor * SCE | −0.024 (0.040) | 0.349* (0.197) |
| Gender * factor * SCE | 0.007 (0.043) | −0.359* (0.217) |
| IHS enterprise income | −0.129*** (0.019) | −0.109*** (0.020) |
| IHS household income | 0.005 (0.015) | 0.001 (0.015) |
| IHS household consumption | −0.045 (0.040) | −0.055 (0.039) |
| No. of adults | 0.021 (0.014) | 0.051*** (0.015) |
| No. of children | 0.001 (0.016) | 0.005 (0.016) |
| Constant | 2.910*** (0.511) | 3.057*** (0.515) |
| Observations | 2,591 | 2,596 |
| Industry | Yes | Yes |
| Social group | Yes | Yes |
| Urban | Yes | Yes |
| State | Yes | Yes |
| Explanatory variables | Did business fail in 2011? (1=yes) | |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | |
| Gender | −0.454 | −0.555 |
| SCE | −0.308 (0.254) | −0.788 |
| Gender | 0.338 (0.275) | 0.777 |
| Factor | −0.006 (0.021) | −0.290 |
| Gender | −0.001 (0.022) | 0.038 (0.127) |
| Factor | −0.024 (0.040) | 0.349 |
| Gender * factor * SCE | 0.007 (0.043) | −0.359 |
| IHS enterprise income | −0.129 | −0.109 |
| IHS household income | 0.005 (0.015) | 0.001 (0.015) |
| IHS household consumption | −0.045 (0.040) | −0.055 (0.039) |
| No. of adults | 0.021 (0.014) | 0.051 |
| No. of children | 0.001 (0.016) | 0.005 (0.016) |
| Constant | 2.910 | 3.057 |
| Observations | 2,591 | 2,596 |
| Industry | Yes | Yes |
| Social group | Yes | Yes |
| Urban | Yes | Yes |
| State | Yes | Yes |
Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05 and *p < 0.1;
The factors used in the analysis are;
(1) H4b – Factor = no. of years of education of the enterprise decision-maker;
(2) H5b – Factor = no. of family members in the enterprise