Table 3. HST95 sand properties used in...

Table 3.

HST95 sand properties used in FEA (Al-Defae, 2013; Al-Defae et al., 2013)

Property	Relative density, D_r: %
Property	30	60	90
Dry unit weight, γ: kN/m³	15.4	16.3	17.2
Peak friction angle, ϕ_pk: degrees	35	41	47
Dilation angle, ψ: degrees	3.4	11.2	19
Critical state friction angle, ϕ_cs: degrees	32	32	32
Interface friction angle with cast concrete, δ: degrees (⅔ϕ_cs (BSI, 2013b))	21.3	21.3	21.3
Secant modulus, E₅₀: kN/m²	34 650	44 025	53 400
Tangent oedometric modulus, E_oed: kN/m²	27 720	35 220	42 720
Unloading-reloading stiffness, E_ur: kN/m²	83 100	105 600	128 100
Stiffness exponent for minor stress formulation, m	0.57	0.54	0.51
Maximal small-strain shear modulus, G₀: kN/m²	103 800	118 800	133 800
Value of small strain for which G_s/G₀ reduces to 0.722, γ_0.7: kN/m²	0.0001180	0.0001690	0.0002200
Failure ratio, R_f	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cohesion intercept, c: kN/m²	0.2	0.2	0.2
At-rest earth pressure coefficient, K₀	0.426	0.344	0.269

Property	Relative density, D_r: %
Property	30	60	90
Dry unit weight, γ: kN/m³	15.4	16.3	17.2
Peak friction angle, ϕ_pk: degrees	35	41	47
Dilation angle, ψ: degrees	3.4	11.2	19
Critical state friction angle, ϕ_cs: degrees	32	32	32
Interface friction angle with cast concrete, δ: degrees (⅔ϕ_cs (BSI, 2013b))	21.3	21.3	21.3
Secant modulus, E₅₀: kN/m²	34 650	44 025	53 400
Tangent oedometric modulus, E_oed: kN/m²	27 720	35 220	42 720
Unloading-reloading stiffness, E_ur: kN/m²	83 100	105 600	128 100
Stiffness exponent for minor stress formulation, m	0.57	0.54	0.51
Maximal small-strain shear modulus, G₀: kN/m²	103 800	118 800	133 800
Value of small strain for which G_s/G₀ reduces to 0.722, γ_0.7: kN/m²	0.0001180	0.0001690	0.0002200
Failure ratio, R_f	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cohesion intercept, c: kN/m²	0.2	0.2	0.2
At-rest earth pressure coefficient, K₀	0.426	0.344	0.269