Table 3. Instrument for improvement...

Table 3.

Instrument for improvement

Function	Instrument for improvement	Author
Governance	Accountability	Buduru and Pal (2010), Hansen (2011); Hansen (2012), Prabowo (2020)
	Corporate reputation	Reisach (2016), Mohammadi et al. (2020)
	Culture and ethical policy	Calderón et al. (2009); Reisach (2016), Hashim et al. (2020); Cheng et al. (2021)
	Inflation control	Mohammadi et al. (2020)
	Integrity	Calderón et al. (2009); Reisach (2016), Prabowo (2020)
	Internal control	Yang and Lee (2020)
	Monitoring	Buduru and Pal (2010), Previtali and Paola (2017)
	Organizational structures	Dion (2013), Soederberg (2016); Monteduro et al. (2021)
	Performance indices	Hansen (2012)
	Quality assurance	Yang and Lee (2020)
	Responsibility	Hansen (2011), Hansen (2012); Reisach (2016), Previtali and Paola (2017); Cheng et al. (2021)
	Transparent	Buduru and Pal (2010), Hansen (2011); Hansen (2012)
	Values and norms of behaviour	Dion (2013)
Risk management	Corporate risk	Reisach (2016); Yang and Lee (2020); Cheng et al. (2021), Monteduro et al. (2021)
	Operational risk	Calderón et al. (2009); Mohammadi et al. (2020), Prabowo (2020)
	Reputation risk	Hansen (2012), Mohammadi et al. (2020)
	Risk assessment	Buduru and Pal (2010), Soederberg (2016); Previtali and Paola (2017), Hashim et al. (2020)
	Thinking and action	Hansen (2011)
Compliance	Monitoring	Hansen (2012), Hashim et al. (2020)
	Programme/ System	Hansen (2012), Previtali and Paola (2017); Hashim et al. (2020)
	Regulation/laws	Reisach (2016), Previtali and Paola (2017); Mohammadi et al. (2020), Hashim et al. (2020); Cheng et al. (2021), Monteduro et al. (2021)

Function	Instrument for improvement	Author
Governance	Accountability	Buduru and Pal (2010), Hansen (2011); Hansen (2012), Prabowo (2020)
	Corporate reputation	Reisach (2016), Mohammadi et al. (2020)
	Culture and ethical policy	Calderón et al. (2009); Reisach (2016), Hashim et al. (2020); Cheng et al. (2021)
	Inflation control	Mohammadi et al. (2020)
	Integrity	Calderón et al. (2009); Reisach (2016), Prabowo (2020)
	Internal control	Yang and Lee (2020)
	Monitoring	Buduru and Pal (2010), Previtali and Paola (2017)
	Organizational structures	Dion (2013), Soederberg (2016); Monteduro et al. (2021)
	Performance indices	Hansen (2012)
	Quality assurance	Yang and Lee (2020)
	Responsibility	Hansen (2011), Hansen (2012); Reisach (2016), Previtali and Paola (2017); Cheng et al. (2021)
	Transparent	Buduru and Pal (2010), Hansen (2011); Hansen (2012)
	Values and norms of behaviour	Dion (2013)
Risk management	Corporate risk	Reisach (2016); Yang and Lee (2020); Cheng et al. (2021), Monteduro et al. (2021)
	Operational risk	Calderón et al. (2009); Mohammadi et al. (2020), Prabowo (2020)
	Reputation risk	Hansen (2012), Mohammadi et al. (2020)
	Risk assessment	Buduru and Pal (2010), Soederberg (2016); Previtali and Paola (2017), Hashim et al. (2020)
	Thinking and action	Hansen (2011)
Compliance	Monitoring	Hansen (2012), Hashim et al. (2020)
	Programme/ System	Hansen (2012), Previtali and Paola (2017); Hashim et al. (2020)
	Regulation/laws	Reisach (2016), Previtali and Paola (2017); Mohammadi et al. (2020), Hashim et al. (2020); Cheng et al. (2021), Monteduro et al. (2021)

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