Table 2 Barriers of drone technology in... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Barriers of drone technology in health-care product delivery

Barrier	Description	Related papers
Lack of clear regulations	The lack of clear regulations on drones in health-care delivery hinders their widespread adoption	Aggarwal et al. (2023); Koshta et al. (2022); Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021)
Reduced quality	The use of drones for health-care delivery may lead to reduced product quality due to handling and other factors	Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021); Zailani et al. (2020)
Poor temperature control	Temperature-sensitive health-care products may be compromised during transportation by drones due to poor temperature control	Johnson et al. (2021); Koshta et al. (2022)
Poor accuracy	Drones may have poor accuracy in delivering packages to health-care facilities, leading to delays or misdeliveries	Koshta et al. (2022
Difficulty in bad weather	Drones may face difficulties in flying during adverse weather conditions, hindering their deployment in health-care delivery	Aggarwal et al. (2023); Euchi (2021); Sah et al. (2021); Scott and Scott (2017)
Limited payload	The payload capacity of drones is often limited, restricting the number of health-care products that can be transported	Rabta et al. (2018); Sah et al. (2021)
Reliability	The reliability of drone-based health-care delivery may be compromised due to technical or logistical issues	Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021); Sah et al. (2021)
Risk to confidentiality	Using drones in health-care delivery may risk confidentiality and privacy, mainly when delivering sensitive products	Sah et al. (2021); Valencia-Arias et al. (2022)
Lack of skilled labour	The deployment of drones for health-care delivery requires skilled personnel, whose shortage may hinder their adoption	Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021); Raj et al. (2022)
Lack of leadership	The lack of leadership commitment to drone-based health-care delivery may hinder its adoption by health-care facilities	Jeyabalan et al. (2020); Koshta et al. (2022)
Limited range	Drones have limited ranges, which can restrict their use in health-care delivery, particularly in remote or rural areas	Sah et al. (2021)
Environmental concerns	Using drones in health-care delivery may increase environmental waste, affecting the well-being of patients and health-care workers	Kaplan and Heaslip (2024); Zhu et al. (2024); Euchi (2021)
Noise pollution	Using drones in health-care delivery may lead to noise pollution, affecting the well-being of patients and health-care workers	Koshta et al. (2022); Sah et al. (2021)
Risk of collisions	Drones operating in health-care delivery may risk collisions with other objects, leading to safety concerns	Banerjee and Ho (2020)
Limited infrastructure	The lack of infrastructure, such as landing pads or charging stations, may limit the use of drones in health-care delivery	Koshta et al. (2022); Scott and Scott (2017)
High cost of drones	The high cost of drones and associated technology may make their deployment in health-care delivery unaffordable for some facilities	Koshta et al. (2022); Poljak and Šterbenc (2020)
Lack of trained personnel	The deployment of drones in health-care delivery requires trained personnel, whose absence may limit their adoption	Aggarwal et al. (2023); Jeyabalan et al. (2020); Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021)

Barrier	Description	Related papers
Lack of clear regulations	The lack of clear regulations on drones in health-care delivery hinders their widespread adoption	Aggarwal et al. (2023); Koshta et al. (2022); Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021)
Reduced quality	The use of drones for health-care delivery may lead to reduced product quality due to handling and other factors	Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021); Zailani et al. (2020)
Poor temperature control	Temperature-sensitive health-care products may be compromised during transportation by drones due to poor temperature control	Johnson et al. (2021); Koshta et al. (2022)
Poor accuracy	Drones may have poor accuracy in delivering packages to health-care facilities, leading to delays or misdeliveries	Koshta et al. (2022
Difficulty in bad weather	Drones may face difficulties in flying during adverse weather conditions, hindering their deployment in health-care delivery	Aggarwal et al. (2023); Euchi (2021); Sah et al. (2021); Scott and Scott (2017)
Limited payload	The payload capacity of drones is often limited, restricting the number of health-care products that can be transported	Rabta et al. (2018); Sah et al. (2021)
Reliability	The reliability of drone-based health-care delivery may be compromised due to technical or logistical issues	Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021); Sah et al. (2021)
Risk to confidentiality	Using drones in health-care delivery may risk confidentiality and privacy, mainly when delivering sensitive products	Sah et al. (2021); Valencia-Arias et al. (2022)
Lack of skilled labour	The deployment of drones for health-care delivery requires skilled personnel, whose shortage may hinder their adoption	Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021); Raj et al. (2022)
Lack of leadership	The lack of leadership commitment to drone-based health-care delivery may hinder its adoption by health-care facilities	Jeyabalan et al. (2020); Koshta et al. (2022)
Limited range	Drones have limited ranges, which can restrict their use in health-care delivery, particularly in remote or rural areas	Sah et al. (2021)
Environmental concerns	Using drones in health-care delivery may increase environmental waste, affecting the well-being of patients and health-care workers	Kaplan and Heaslip (2024); Zhu et al. (2024); Euchi (2021)
Noise pollution	Using drones in health-care delivery may lead to noise pollution, affecting the well-being of patients and health-care workers	Koshta et al. (2022); Sah et al. (2021)
Risk of collisions	Drones operating in health-care delivery may risk collisions with other objects, leading to safety concerns	Banerjee and Ho (2020)
Limited infrastructure	The lack of infrastructure, such as landing pads or charging stations, may limit the use of drones in health-care delivery	Koshta et al. (2022); Scott and Scott (2017)
High cost of drones	The high cost of drones and associated technology may make their deployment in health-care delivery unaffordable for some facilities	Koshta et al. (2022); Poljak and Šterbenc (2020)
Lack of trained personnel	The deployment of drones in health-care delivery requires trained personnel, whose absence may limit their adoption	Aggarwal et al. (2023); Jeyabalan et al. (2020); Nyaaba and Ayamga (2021)

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