Table 1 POs and underlying VSC issues... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

POs and underlying VSC issues for pandemics

POs	Associated VSC issues in the context of pandemic
Operating cost optimization	Setting up vaccination centers in remote locations (Duffy et al., 2021) Ensuring appropriate remunerations for all HCWs (Klüver et al., 2021) Accurate estimation of immunization cost (Alam et al., 2021)
Adequate health financing	Unavailability of funds to arrange additional infrastructure (Alam et al., 2021) Redirecting the corporate social responsibility funds toward public immunization programs (Sung et al., 2021) Improper utilization of funds due to lack of planning in uncertain scenarios and malpractices (Sung et al., 2021)
Customer satisfaction	Poor accessibility of vaccination camps by beneficiaries (Bansal et al., 2022) Turning away people if their number is insufficient to open a vial (Mohammed et al., 2021) Poor address of public grievances associated with the vaccination drive (Chandra and Kumar, 2021)
Effective communication	Spread of rumors and misinformation about new vaccine (Attwell et al., 2021) Inappropriate coordination with the local administration (Alam et al., 2021) Inadequate positive vaccine marketing (Alam et al., 2021)
Agility	Maintaining a high safety stock of vaccines in stores (Gurnani et al., 2020) Maintaining standby facilities of resources for emergencies (expert opinion)
Vaccine distribution	Postponement in acquisition decisions increases the lead time and delay the on-time delivery of vaccine (Alam et al., 2021) A long-distance between vaccine stores and vaccination camps (Antal et al., 2021)
Vaccine demand	Inability to determine the vaccine demand factors (Dizbay and Oztürkoglu, 2021) Limited number of vaccine-producing companies (Pagliusi et al., 2020) The lack of volunteers for human trials in the second and third phases of new vaccine development (Richards, 2020) Vaccine counterfeiting (Jarrett et al., 2020)
Vaccine wastage	Lack of storage facilities in remote locations (Rosen et al., 2021) Inability to maintain the recommended temperature for vaccines in transit mode (Andiç-Mortan and Gonul Kochan, 2023)
Innovation	Inclusion of new products and services need time and extra funds for pilot testing and implementation during a pandemic (Chandra and Kumar, 2019)
Vaccine management practices	Lack of integration of modern technology like mobile apps and Web-based solutions to compile vaccine stock records (Rai et al., 2022) Insufficiency in trained vaccine cold chain managers (WHO, 2020)
Managing human capital	Deficiency in training of the HCWs (Gurnani et al., 2020) Low remunerations to HCWs (Klüver et al., 2021) Ensuring the safety of frontline HCWs from pandemics hazards (BiSwas and Belle, 2021; Morishita et al., 2021)
Organizational capital	Low level of coordination between supply chain members (Zhu et al., 2020) Poor tracking of the vaccinated population (Hodgson et al., 2021)
Managing information capital	Inadequate flow of information from vaccine monitoring bodies hamper procurement, delivery, control and transparency in the VSC (Alam et al., 2021) Improper vaccine stock management (Rai et al., 2022)

POs	Associated VSC issues in the context of pandemic
Operating cost optimization	Setting up vaccination centers in remote locations (Duffy et al., 2021)Ensuring appropriate remunerations for all HCWs (Klüver et al., 2021)Accurate estimation of immunization cost (Alam et al., 2021)
Adequate health financing	Unavailability of funds to arrange additional infrastructure (Alam et al., 2021)Redirecting the corporate social responsibility funds toward public immunization programs (Sung et al., 2021)Improper utilization of funds due to lack of planning in uncertain scenarios and malpractices (Sung et al., 2021)
Customer satisfaction	Poor accessibility of vaccination camps by beneficiaries (Bansal et al., 2022)Turning away people if their number is insufficient to open a vial (Mohammed et al., 2021)Poor address of public grievances associated with the vaccination drive (Chandra and Kumar, 2021)
Effective communication	Spread of rumors and misinformation about new vaccine (Attwell et al., 2021)Inappropriate coordination with the local administration (Alam et al., 2021)Inadequate positive vaccine marketing (Alam et al., 2021)
Agility	Maintaining a high safety stock of vaccines in stores (Gurnani et al., 2020)Maintaining standby facilities of resources for emergencies (expert opinion)
Vaccine distribution	Postponement in acquisition decisions increases the lead time and delay the on-time delivery of vaccine (Alam et al., 2021)A long-distance between vaccine stores and vaccination camps (Antal et al., 2021)
Vaccine demand	Inability to determine the vaccine demand factors (Dizbay and Oztürkoglu, 2021)Limited number of vaccine-producing companies (Pagliusi et al., 2020)The lack of volunteers for human trials in the second and third phases of new vaccine development (Richards, 2020)Vaccine counterfeiting (Jarrett et al., 2020)
Vaccine wastage	Lack of storage facilities in remote locations (Rosen et al., 2021)Inability to maintain the recommended temperature for vaccines in transit mode (Andiç-Mortan and Gonul Kochan, 2023)
Innovation	Inclusion of new products and services need time and extra funds for pilot testing and implementation during a pandemic (Chandra and Kumar, 2019)
Vaccine management practices	Lack of integration of modern technology like mobile apps and Web-based solutions to compile vaccine stock records (Rai et al., 2022)Insufficiency in trained vaccine cold chain managers (WHO, 2020)
Managing human capital	Deficiency in training of the HCWs (Gurnani et al., 2020)Low remunerations to HCWs (Klüver et al., 2021)Ensuring the safety of frontline HCWs from pandemics hazards (BiSwas and Belle, 2021; Morishita et al., 2021)
Organizational capital	Low level of coordination between supply chain members (Zhu et al., 2020)Poor tracking of the vaccinated population (Hodgson et al., 2021)
Managing information capital	Inadequate flow of information from vaccine monitoring bodies hamper procurement, delivery, control and transparency in the VSC (Alam et al., 2021)Improper vaccine stock management (Rai et al., 2022)

Source: Authors’ own work