Table 1

Characteristics of a system of systems

CharacteristicDescription
AutonomyEach sub-system makes independent choices and decisions per its overall mission and goals
BelongingIndividual sub-systems derive satisfaction from affiliating with other entities within the system boundaries to achieve a shared goal
ConnectivityIndividual sub-systems link with other sub-systems over geographical distances to achieve the desired goals
DiversitySub-system elements are heterogeneous and varied
EmergenceThe system is dynamic and constantly changing and displays new properties and behaviors
Source: Author’s own creation/work

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