| Holling (1973, p. 17) | “The ability of these systems to absorb changes of state variables, driving variables, and parameters, and still persist” |
| Carpenter et al. (2001) | “Recognized that dynamic systems do not tend toward a stable or equilibrium state and introduced the concept of adaptive cycle theory. Identified three properties of resilience: (1) The amount of change that a system can undergo while retaining the same controls on structure and function. (2) The degree to which the system is capable of organizing itself without disorganization or force from external factors. (3) The degree to which a system develops the capacity to learn and adapt in response to disturbances” |
| Rice and Caniato (2003) | “The ability of a supply chain to react to unexpected disruptions and restore normal supply network operations” |
| Christopher and Peck (2004, p. 2) | “The ability of a system to move to its original state or move to a new, desired state after being disturbed” |
| Sheffi and Rice (2005, p. 1) | Supply chain resilience is “the ability to bounce back from a disruption” |
| Falasca et al. (2008, p. 1) | “The ability of a supply chain system to reduce the probabilities of a disruption, to reduce the consequences of those disruptions once they occur, and to reduce the time to recover normal performance” |
| Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009, p. 8) | “The adaptive capability of the supply chain to prepare for unexpected events, respond to disruptions, and recover from them by maintaining continuity of operations at the desired level of connectedness and control over structure and function” |
| Biringer et al. (2010, p. 6) | “Resilience is a concept related to a system’s ability to perform the critical functions required for its mission efficiently, even in the event of disruptive actions (natural, accidental, or malevolent events)” |
| Zsidisin and Wagner (2010, p. 5) | “Supply chain resilience consists of building flexibility and redundancy to offset supply disruptions |
| Ponis and Koronis (2012, p. 5) | “The ability to proactively plan and design the supply chain network for anticipating unexpected disruptive (negative) events, respond adaptively to disruptions while maintaining control over structure and function and transcending to a post event robust state of operations, if possible, more favorable than the one prior to the event, thus gaining competitive advantage” |
| Tukahumabwa and Stevenson (2015, p. 8) | “The adaptive capability of a supply chain to prepare for and/or respond to disruptions, to make a timely and cost-effective recovery, and therefore progress to a post-disruption state of operations – ideally, a better state than prior to disruption” |
| Datta (2017, p. 7) | “Supply chain resilience is a dynamic process of steering the actions so that the organization always stays out of danger zone, and if the disruptive/uncertain event occurs, resilience implies initiating a very rapid and efficient response to minimise the consequences and maintaining or regaining a dynamically stable state, which allows it to adapt operations to the requirements of the changed environment before the competitors and succeed in the long run” |