| Agility – product flow | Expediting of in-country and cross-border flows |
| | Rapid ramp-up of supplier and manufacturer capacity to meet production volume requirements |
| | Implementation of redundancy strategies in vaccine development, manufacturing and logistics |
| | Rapid ramp-up of vaccination capacity |
| | Capability for flexibility, substitutability and interchangeability of materials, equipment, infrastructure |
| | Continuous improvement of speed (takt time, cycle time) |
| | Rapid ramp-up of warehouse, logistics and distribution capacity |
| | Implementation of national and international policies and actions to facilitate the flow of inputs and vaccines |
| | Parallel performance of critical activities |
| | Selection of vaccine technology to support speed, scalability and accessibility |
| | Government negotiation of real options to expand manufacturing, procurement and distribution capacity |
| Agility – financial flow | Investment at risk in vaccine development and production |
| | Availability/ability to access funding for vaccine promotion, procurement, rollout, administration, and waste management |
| | Ability to access government subsidies for rapid building of capacity |
| | Ability to access emergency funding to subsidize and expand cold chain capacity and transportation |
| | Use of intermediary international organizations to procure vaccine doses |
| | Simplification of processes for accessing and deploying finances |
| | Ability of private sector to raise funds for air cargo and shipping capacity expansion |
| | Government coordination of subsidies for cross-border vaccine supply chains |
| Agility – information flow | Process simplification, integration, and digitalization using advanced technologies to increase speed and efficiency |
| | Information sharing via physical and electronic platforms for decision-making |
| | Implementation of data Lakes and databases for data collection to support data analytics |
| | Cross-sector, cross-border data exchange through implementation of global interoperability standards |
| | Communication of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and key performance indicators (KPIs) |
| | Implementation of policies, contractual terms, standards and incentives to access vaccine supply chain information |
| | Communication of procedures for assessing and approving vaccines |
| Agility – vaccine recipient flow | Use of diverse vaccine advertising and promotion strategies |
| | Implementation of mandatory and prioritized vaccination |
| | Establishment of diverse, accessible vaccination administration sites |
| | Implementation of seamless user-friendly registration methods |
| | Availability of assistants to assist potential recipients with registration |
| | Administration of single rather than multiple dose vaccines |
| Agility – knowledge flow | Cross-border transfer of technology |
| | Training in regulatory requirements, manufacturing, inventory management, cold chain logistics, and immunization processes |
| | Training in data analytics for strategic and operational decisions |
| | Training of volunteers and students in health professions to serve as vaccinators and assistants |
| | Training in vaccine administration and post vaccination monitoring |
| | Training in information technology and information system skills |
| | Training in the application of international conventions, instruments, and standards to facilitate cross-border flows |
| | Training in best practices in cross-border flow of goods |
| | Training in healthcare system readiness and resilience |
| | Training in biomedical waste management |
| Agility – skilled worker flow | Use of non-traditional labor pools to meet immunization demand requirements |
| | Facilitation of cross-border free flow of skilled workers |
| | Expansion of traditional skilled labor pools through recruitment |
| | Maintenance of substitute labor pools in event of sickness and attrition |
| | Maintenance of multilingual immunization worker pool |
| | Immunization of public health workers to minimize illness |
| Agility – waste flow | Expansion of waste infrastructure and capacity |
| | Implementation of strategies for handling and disposing of biomedical waste |
| | Planning for adequate waste management resources |
| | Planning of unused vaccines to prevent wastage |