Table 4

Strengths of the LCC and WLC framework country-wise

StrengthsAustraliaAustriaCanadaChinaCzech RepublicDenmarkEgyptFinlandFranceGermanyHungaryHongkongItalyJapanNetherlandNZNorwayUKUSA
Climate change weight    x              
Economic sustainability analysis            x      
Procurement environmental impacts  x         xxx    
Infrastructure energy use             xx    
Flood and storm barriers            x x    
Energy efficiency, water conservation                  x
Simple calculations         xx     x  
Environment-material impact database              x  x 
Inflation and discount rate               x x 
Specific database to compare LCC/WLC                 x 
Project documentation defined                 x 
Budget planning and compliance             x     
Early design decision information                 x 
Spreadsheets available         xx   xx   
Easy maintenance, minimal investment         xx        
Calculation steps are visible                 x 
Hierarchical levels and a unique coding                 x 
Pact on scope and assumptions  x                
Investigating complex issues             x     
Alternatives comparisonx                  
Adverse weather  xx      x     xxx
Seismicity             x    x
Source(s): Developed by the authors
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