Table 7

Regional and sectoral variations in WLC adoption

Variations in WLC practicesGAPM 1PM 2PM3SMA1A2EEEIFM1FM2HO1HO2SSQS 1QS 2QS 3QS 4QS 5QS 6QS 7QS 8
Regional differences
Differences by project type✓✓✓          ✓  ✓ ✓   
High seismicity areas have stricter costs   ✓✓      ✓       ✓ ✓
Climate impacts long-term costs     ✓✓✓✓       ✓     
Insurance rates influence cost planning✓ ✓ ✓  ✓    ✓     ✓   
Some clients consider WLC; others ignore it   ✓ ✓  ✓✓   ✓      ✓ 
Variations due to seismic risks, climate, and local standards✓✓  ✓      ✓     ✓    
Local material costs affect decisions         ✓✓  ✓✓    ✓  
High-risk areas factor in resilience costs✓✓          ✓  ✓     ✓
Energy pricing and climate impact cost planning  ✓ ✓  ✓        ✓ ✓   
Practices vary between urban and rural areas     ✓✓          ✓  ✓ 
Sectorial differences
High-seismic regions require extra reinforcements; coastal areas need corrosion-resistant materials         ✓✓  ✓     ✓  
Green certifications gaining traction ✓         ✓ ✓     ✓ ✓
Lifecycle tracking interest is increasing✓ ✓     ✓        ✓   ✓
Commercial projects leading WLC innovation  ✓ ✓                ✓
Source(s): Developed by the authors
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