Table 11 Summary of feedback loops Loop...

Table 11

Summary of feedback loops

Loop id	Loop name	Loop variables	Type	Main driver	Main consequence
R1	Social Health Spiral	Social Impact Cost ➔ Public Health Impact ➔ Social Impact Cost	Reinforcing	Social Impact Cost	Increased societal health burden
R2	Material Longevity Loop	Material Selection ➔ Material Quality ➔ Material Durability ➔ Serviceability of Materials ➔ Material Selection	Reinforcing	Material Selection	Enhanced material service life
R3	Market Feedback on Materials	Material Selection ➔ Material Quality ➔ Material Durability ➔ Serviceability of Materials ➔ Demand and Supply ➔ Material Availability ➔ Material Selection	Reinforcing	Material Selection	Stronger supply-demand cycle
R4	Resilience by Material Quality	Material Selection ➔ Material Quality ➔ Fire Resistance ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Seismic Resilience ➔ Climate Conditions ➔ Weather Resilience ➔ Material Selection	Reinforcing	Material Selection	Improved disaster resilience
R5	Seismic Strengthening Loop	Wind Bracing Upgrades ➔ Seismic Resilience ➔ Wind Bracing Upgrades	Reinforcing	Wind Bracing	Advanced structural integrity
R6	Comparative Quality Cycle	Comparability with Other Systems ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Comparability with Other Systems	Reinforcing	Comparability	Construction quality uplift
R7	Smart Resilience Technology	Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation Quality ➔ Construction Technology	Reinforcing	Construction Technology	Integrated smart-resilient systems
R8	Installation-Performance Loop	Installation Practice ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation Practice	Reinforcing	Installation Quality	Reliable technology performance
R9	Regulatory Installation Feedback	Installation Practice ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Regulatory Compliance ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation	Reinforcing	Installation Quality	Compliance-driven tech adoption
R10	Bracing-Driven Smart Buildings	Installation Quality ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation Quality	Reinforcing	Installation Quality	Robust and smart residential buildings
R11	Quality-Driven Tech Advancement	Construction Quality ➔ Comparability ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Construction Quality	Reinforcing	Construction Quality	Accelerated technology uptake
R12	Seismic Quality Benchmark Loop	Construction Quality ➔ Comparability ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality	Reinforcing	Construction Quality	Safer, high-performing homes
R13	Compliance-Driven Quality Cycle	Construction Quality ➔ Comparability ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Regulatory Compliance ➔ Construction Quality	Reinforcing	Construction Quality	Stronger compliance and durability
R14	Coastal Insurance Resilience	Coastal Erosion Allowances ➔ Flood Mitigation ➔ Insurance Premiums ➔ Coastal Erosion Allowances	Reinforcing	Coastal Erosion Planning	Lower insurance risk in coastal zones
R15	Flood-Resilient Design	Design Efficiency ➔ Flood Mitigation ➔ Insurance Premiums ➔ Design Efficiency	Reinforcing	Design Efficiency	Lower insurance and flood risks
R16	Form-Based Efficiency Loop	Design Efficiency ➔ Shape of Facility ➔ Material/Equipment Efficiency ➔ Design Efficiency	Reinforcing	Design Efficiency	Improved resource efficiency
B1	Acquisition-Operational Trade-off	Upfront Acquisition Cost ➔ Greenstar Rating ➔ Energy Saving Measures ➔ Operational Cost ➔ Long-Term Affordability ➔ Upfront Acquisition Cost	Balancing	Upfront Acquisition Cost	Controlled lifecycle cost
B2	Repair Risk Control	Maintenance Frequency ➔ Resistance to Wear and Tear ➔ Replacement Frequency ➔ Repair Risk Allowances ➔ Maintenance Frequency	Balancing	Maintenance Frequency	Stability in maintenance cost
B3	Insurance Risk Feedback	Building Security ➔ Risk Allowances ➔ Insurance Premiums ➔ Insurance and Risk Mitigation ➔ Building Security	Balancing	Building Security	Stabilised insurance costs
B4	Environmental Material Loop	Environmental Impact Evaluation ➔ Carbon Sequestration ➔ Renewable Resource Use ➔ Material Selection ➔ Environmental Impact Evaluation	Balancing	Environmental Impact Evaluation	Optimised resource selection
B5	Green Certification Cost-Value Loop	Green Building Certification Cost ➔ Greenstar Rating ➔ Government Incentives ➔ Long-Term Affordability ➔ Green Building Certification Cost	Balancing	Certification Cost	Balanced green certification investment

Loop id	Loop name	Loop variables	Type	Main driver	Main consequence
R1	Social Health Spiral	Social Impact Cost ➔ Public Health Impact ➔ Social Impact Cost	Reinforcing	Social Impact Cost	Increased societal health burden
R2	Material Longevity Loop	Material Selection ➔ Material Quality ➔ Material Durability ➔ Serviceability of Materials ➔ Material Selection	Reinforcing	Material Selection	Enhanced material service life
R3	Market Feedback on Materials	Material Selection ➔ Material Quality ➔ Material Durability ➔ Serviceability of Materials ➔ Demand and Supply ➔ Material Availability ➔ Material Selection	Reinforcing	Material Selection	Stronger supply-demand cycle
R4	Resilience by Material Quality	Material Selection ➔ Material Quality ➔ Fire Resistance ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Seismic Resilience ➔ Climate Conditions ➔ Weather Resilience ➔ Material Selection	Reinforcing	Material Selection	Improved disaster resilience
R5	Seismic Strengthening Loop	Wind Bracing Upgrades ➔ Seismic Resilience ➔ Wind Bracing Upgrades	Reinforcing	Wind Bracing	Advanced structural integrity
R6	Comparative Quality Cycle	Comparability with Other Systems ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Comparability with Other Systems	Reinforcing	Comparability	Construction quality uplift
R7	Smart Resilience Technology	Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation Quality ➔ Construction Technology	Reinforcing	Construction Technology	Integrated smart-resilient systems
R8	Installation-Performance Loop	Installation Practice ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation Practice	Reinforcing	Installation Quality	Reliable technology performance
R9	Regulatory Installation Feedback	Installation Practice ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Regulatory Compliance ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation	Reinforcing	Installation Quality	Compliance-driven tech adoption
R10	Bracing-Driven Smart Buildings	Installation Quality ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality ➔ Resilience ➔ Renewable Energy ➔ Automation ➔ Installation Quality	Reinforcing	Installation Quality	Robust and smart residential buildings
R11	Quality-Driven Tech Advancement	Construction Quality ➔ Comparability ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Construction Quality	Reinforcing	Construction Quality	Accelerated technology uptake
R12	Seismic Quality Benchmark Loop	Construction Quality ➔ Comparability ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Wind Bracing ➔ Construction Quality	Reinforcing	Construction Quality	Safer, high-performing homes
R13	Compliance-Driven Quality Cycle	Construction Quality ➔ Comparability ➔ Construction Technology ➔ Regulatory Compliance ➔ Construction Quality	Reinforcing	Construction Quality	Stronger compliance and durability
R14	Coastal Insurance Resilience	Coastal Erosion Allowances ➔ Flood Mitigation ➔ Insurance Premiums ➔ Coastal Erosion Allowances	Reinforcing	Coastal Erosion Planning	Lower insurance risk in coastal zones
R15	Flood-Resilient Design	Design Efficiency ➔ Flood Mitigation ➔ Insurance Premiums ➔ Design Efficiency	Reinforcing	Design Efficiency	Lower insurance and flood risks
R16	Form-Based Efficiency Loop	Design Efficiency ➔ Shape of Facility ➔ Material/Equipment Efficiency ➔ Design Efficiency	Reinforcing	Design Efficiency	Improved resource efficiency
B1	Acquisition-Operational Trade-off	Upfront Acquisition Cost ➔ Greenstar Rating ➔ Energy Saving Measures ➔ Operational Cost ➔ Long-Term Affordability ➔ Upfront Acquisition Cost	Balancing	Upfront Acquisition Cost	Controlled lifecycle cost
B2	Repair Risk Control	Maintenance Frequency ➔ Resistance to Wear and Tear ➔ Replacement Frequency ➔ Repair Risk Allowances ➔ Maintenance Frequency	Balancing	Maintenance Frequency	Stability in maintenance cost
B3	Insurance Risk Feedback	Building Security ➔ Risk Allowances ➔ Insurance Premiums ➔ Insurance and Risk Mitigation ➔ Building Security	Balancing	Building Security	Stabilised insurance costs
B4	Environmental Material Loop	Environmental Impact Evaluation ➔ Carbon Sequestration ➔ Renewable Resource Use ➔ Material Selection ➔ Environmental Impact Evaluation	Balancing	Environmental Impact Evaluation	Optimised resource selection
B5	Green Certification Cost-Value Loop	Green Building Certification Cost ➔ Greenstar Rating ➔ Government Incentives ➔ Long-Term Affordability ➔ Green Building Certification Cost	Balancing	Certification Cost	Balanced green certification investment

Source(s): Developed by the authors

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