ESG individual components and corporate profitability
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOCB | Non-SOCB | Joint | Non-joint | Rural | Urban | |
| ROA | ROA | ROA | ROA | ROA | ROA | |
| Env | −0.002*** | 0.004*** | 0.005*** | −0.007*** | 0.003*** | −0.006*** |
| (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.004) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Soc | −0.007*** | 0.012*** | 0.010*** | 0.013*** | 0.015*** | 0.001 |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Gov | −0.005** | −0.004*** | 0.001* | 0.0002* | −0.001** | −0.003*** |
| (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Size | 0.004*** | 0.012*** | 0.003*** | 0.006*** | 0.013*** | 0.006*** |
| (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.002) | |
| Lev | −0.004*** | −0.145*** | −0.130*** | −0.120*** | −0.140*** | −0.120*** |
| (0.010) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.008) | (0.010) | (0.009) | |
| CAR | 0.042** | 0.121** | 0.170** | 0.150** | 0.150** | 0.120** |
| (0.060) | (0.050) | (0.055) | (0.065) | (0.055) | (0.060) | |
| GRW | 0.006*** | 0.038*** | 0.001*** | 0.003*** | 0.034*** | 0.022*** |
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.0505) | (0.004) | (0.005) | |
| Age | −0.045** | −0.013** | −0.041** | −0.002** | −0.012** | −0.004** |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| B_Indp | −0.010** | −0.012** | −0.011** | −0.009** | −0.015** | −0.008** |
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.005) | |
| Bsize | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.004* | 0.001 | 0.005** | −0.002 |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Top1 | 0.004*** | 0.041*** | 0.081*** | 0.033*** | 0.046*** | 0.030*** |
| (0.006) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.005) | |
| Duality | −0.004 | 0.005*** | 0.006** | 0.002 | 0.005*** | 0.001 |
| (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | |
| Bgender | 0.007*** | 0.014*** | 0.012*** | 0.006*** | 0.013*** | 0.006*** |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Liq | 0.009*** | 0.013*** | 0.014*** | 0.009** | 0.015*** | 0.006** |
| (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Constant | −0.162*** | −0.185*** | −0.042*** | −0.294*** | −0.042*** | −0.005*** |
| (0.006) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (−0.026) | (0.089) | (0.009) | |
| Observations | 55 | 248 | 96 | 207 | 52 | 100 |
| R-squared | 0.921 | 0.892 | 0.851 | 0.882 | 0.912 | 0.874 |
| Number of firms | 5 | 37 | 10 | 32 | 10 | 17 |
| Firm FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOCB | Non-SOCB | Joint | Non-joint | Rural | Urban | |
| ROA | ROA | ROA | ROA | ROA | ROA | |
| Env | −0.002*** | 0.004*** | 0.005*** | −0.007*** | 0.003*** | −0.006*** |
| (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.004) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Soc | −0.007*** | 0.012*** | 0.010*** | 0.013*** | 0.015*** | 0.001 |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Gov | −0.005** | −0.004*** | 0.001* | 0.0002* | −0.001** | −0.003*** |
| (0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Size | 0.004*** | 0.012*** | 0.003*** | 0.006*** | 0.013*** | 0.006*** |
| (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.002) | |
| Lev | −0.004*** | −0.145*** | −0.130*** | −0.120*** | −0.140*** | −0.120*** |
| (0.010) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.008) | (0.010) | (0.009) | |
| CAR | 0.042** | 0.121** | 0.170** | 0.150** | 0.150** | 0.120** |
| (0.060) | (0.050) | (0.055) | (0.065) | (0.055) | (0.060) | |
| GRW | 0.006*** | 0.038*** | 0.001*** | 0.003*** | 0.034*** | 0.022*** |
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.0505) | (0.004) | (0.005) | |
| Age | −0.045** | −0.013** | −0.041** | −0.002** | −0.012** | −0.004** |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| B_Indp | −0.010** | −0.012** | −0.011** | −0.009** | −0.015** | −0.008** |
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.005) | |
| Bsize | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.004* | 0.001 | 0.005** | −0.002 |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Top1 | 0.004*** | 0.041*** | 0.081*** | 0.033*** | 0.046*** | 0.030*** |
| (0.006) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.005) | |
| Duality | −0.004 | 0.005*** | 0.006** | 0.002 | 0.005*** | 0.001 |
| (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | |
| Bgender | 0.007*** | 0.014*** | 0.012*** | 0.006*** | 0.013*** | 0.006*** |
| (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Liq | 0.009*** | 0.013*** | 0.014*** | 0.009** | 0.015*** | 0.006** |
| (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Constant | −0.162*** | −0.185*** | −0.042*** | −0.294*** | −0.042*** | −0.005*** |
| (0.006) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (−0.026) | (0.089) | (0.009) | |
| Observations | 55 | 248 | 96 | 207 | 52 | 100 |
| 0.921 | 0.892 | 0.851 | 0.882 | 0.912 | 0.874 | |
| Number of firms | 5 | 37 | 10 | 32 | 10 | 17 |
| Firm FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Note(s): This table presents fixed effects regression estimates of the relationship between the environmental (Env), social (Soc), and governance (Gov) components of ESG performance and return on assets (ROA), across different bank categories. All models include firm and year fixed effects. Robust standard errors are shown in parentheses. ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively