Table 1

Simplified summary of the frequent effect of GNPs on some properties of the cement mixtures

PropertyGNPs
Electrical conductivityIncrease
Fluidity/workabilityDecrease
Setting timesNo information
Rate of hydrationMinimal effect
PorosityDecrease
Compressive strengthIncrease
Tensile & flexural strengthIncrease
Crack propagation arrestIncrease
Chloride attack resistanceIncrease
Water penetration depthDecrease but dependent on porosity

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