Table 4 The simulation results... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

The simulation results comparison of different models in Case 2

k	Original value	NGBM(1,1) Chen et al. (2008) γ = −10	FANGBM(1,1) Wu et al. (2019) γ = −0.2573 r = 1.9789	Unbiased NGBM(1,1) Zheng et al. (2021a, b) γ = −99.9654	SANDGMO(1,1) $β_{4}$ = -0.00001142 $ξ$ = 0.43200654 γ = −0.00001504
	$x^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$
1	5	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000
2	6	6.4998	6.0000	5.9266	6.0000
3	4	4.9215	4.0000	4.0734	4.0000
4	7	6.9861	6.6482	7.0000	7.0000
MAE		0.4784	0.1173	0.0489	0.0000
RMSE		0.6053	0.2031	0.0599	0.0000
MAPE(avg)%		10.5220	1.6752	1.0199	0.0000

k	Original value	NGBM(1,1)Chen et al. (2008)γ = −10	FANGBM(1,1)Wu et al. (2019)γ = −0.2573 r = 1.9789	Unbiased NGBM(1,1)Zheng et al. (2021a, b)γ = −99.9654	SANDGMO(1,1) $β_{4}$ = -0.00001142 $ξ$ = 0.43200654γ = −0.00001504
	$x^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$	${\hat{x}}^{(0)} (k)$
1	5	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000
2	6	6.4998	6.0000	5.9266	6.0000
3	4	4.9215	4.0000	4.0734	4.0000
4	7	6.9861	6.6482	7.0000	7.0000
MAE		0.4784	0.1173	0.0489	0.0000
RMSE		0.6053	0.2031	0.0599	0.0000
MAPE(avg)%		10.5220	1.6752	1.0199	0.0000

Source(s): Authors' own creation