Table 5 Performance comparison of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

Performance comparison of various models

Year	Data	NGBM(1,1) γ = −0.5028	FANGBM(1,1) γ = 3.6052 r = 0.0807	Unbiased NGBM(1,1) γ = −0.5226	SANDGMO(1,1) $β_{4}$ = -0.0032 $ξ$ = 0.9999 γ = 0.2628
Year	Data	Values	Values	Values	Values
2018	6,522	–	–	–	–
2019	6,427	6426.7688	6427.4246	6426.9684	6400.3324
2020	5,711	6221.4161	6610.9883	6255.5001	5739.8815
2021	6,980	6560.9238	6893.8533	6553.9566	7109.0826
2022	7,528	7163.6831	7237.2603	7124.4849	7224.1300
2023	7,623	7970.0554	7627.8155	7899.0851	7895.7355
MAE		328.2192	256.4230	330.0351	152.2474
RMSE		371.3014	424.7242	378.6927	192.3171
MAPE(avg)%		4.8674%	4.1850%	4.9241%	2.0769%
2024	8,194	8970.3468	8060.1734	8864.5618	8203.9107
MAE		776.3468	133.8266	670.5618	9.9107
RMSE		776.3468	133.8266	670.5618	9.9107
MAPE(avg)%		9.4746%	1.6332%	8.1836%	0.1210%

Year	Data	NGBM(1,1)γ = −0.5028	FANGBM(1,1)γ = 3.6052 r = 0.0807	Unbiased NGBM(1,1)γ = −0.5226	SANDGMO(1,1) $β_{4}$ = -0.0032 $ξ$ = 0.9999γ = 0.2628
Year	Data	Values	Values	Values	Values
2018	6,522	–	–	–	–
2019	6,427	6426.7688	6427.4246	6426.9684	6400.3324
2020	5,711	6221.4161	6610.9883	6255.5001	5739.8815
2021	6,980	6560.9238	6893.8533	6553.9566	7109.0826
2022	7,528	7163.6831	7237.2603	7124.4849	7224.1300
2023	7,623	7970.0554	7627.8155	7899.0851	7895.7355
MAE		328.2192	256.4230	330.0351	152.2474
RMSE		371.3014	424.7242	378.6927	192.3171
MAPE(avg)%		4.8674%	4.1850%	4.9241%	2.0769%
2024	8,194	8970.3468	8060.1734	8864.5618	8203.9107
MAE		776.3468	133.8266	670.5618	9.9107
RMSE		776.3468	133.8266	670.5618	9.9107
MAPE(avg)%		9.4746%	1.6332%	8.1836%	0.1210%

Source(s): Authors' own creation