Table A1

Comparative thematic table.

Thematic clusterDutch focus groupGreek focus group
Rationalizing resistance to veganismPragmatic justifications; skepticism about marketing and greenwashing; resistance framed as informed consumer choiceSkepticism about marketing; Ideologically and morally driven rationalizations; moral inversion; environmental critique of plant-based production; appeal to natural order and tradition
Emotional and psychological reactionsEmotional reactance triggered by exaggerated branding or moralizing tone of vegan messaging; annoyance and ironyFeelings of guilt, resentment, discomfort in social interactions with vegans; emotionally charged boundary-setting
Cultural influences and identity anchoringLower cultural anchoring; resistance framed in personal terms rather than collective identity; more flexible approach to accommodating othersHigher cultural anchoring; anti-vegan views grounded in tradition, intergenerational practices, and cultural rituals; food tied to national and familial identity
Informational and media influencesSkepticism toward media influence; emphasis on independent thinking; frustration with excessive labeling; media fatigueDistrust of influencer messaging; differentiation between performative and practical vegan content; strategic disengagement from moral media content
Social norms and social resistancePerceived social pressure; sense of anti-vegan stigma; discomfort in normative vegan settings (workplace events); growing sense of marginalizationSense of anti-vegan stigma; pressure in social settings leads to stronger reactance; veganism framed as normatively imposing
Source(s): Authors' own work

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