Summary KPIs in sugar industries
| KPI theme | Notation | Statements | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technological | KPI1 | DT Integration Score: the percentage of old OT systems (SCADA/PLC) that are linked to the DT platform | Stewart (2025) |
| Technological | KPI2 | Data Interoperability Index: the percentage of data transfers that follow semantic ontology rules | ISO 23247 (2025) |
| Technological | KPI3 | DT Latency Reduction: The average time it takes for data to sync from operations technology (OT) to DT in milliseconds | McKinsey (2024) |
| Technological | KPI4 | Hybrid Model Deployment: Number of active DT modules in sugar operations | Huang et al. (2023) |
| Technological | KPI5 | Model Refresh Frequency: how many times, the DT model gets updated in real time each hour | Liang et al. (2023) |
| Operational | KPI6 | Overall Equipment Efficiency Prediction Accuracy: the ratio of DT-predicted and actual Effectiveness of All Equipment | Wang et al. (2021) |
| Operational | KPI7 | Sugar Recovery Forecast Accuracy: The percentage of sugar recovery predictions that match lab results | Stewart (2025) |
| Operational | KPI8 | Sensor Coverage Ratio: the average number of IoT sensors for each step in a process, like boiling or grinding | Stewart (2025) |
| Operational | KPI9 | Predictive Downtime Accuracy: the percentage of correct DT maintenance alerts that come before a failure | IBM (2024) |
| Operational | KPI10 | DT Uptime: The percentage of time the DT system is available during production hours | Augustine (2020) |
| Financial | KPI11 | RoDI = return on investment (ROI) on digital twin deployment after one harvest season. These are initial returns and multi-season follow-up depends on learning curves and capital intensity in mills | Yang et al. (2026) |
| Financial | KPI12 | Percentage of maintenance costs saved: the difference between what DT-based projections say and what has happened in the past | Aivaliotis et al. (2019) |
| Financial | KPI13 | CapEx per DT Node: the amount of money needed to set up a sensor, computer, and network unit | McKinsey (2024) |
| Environmental | KPI14 | Water Use per Ton Cane: DT keeps track of how many litres of water are utilised per tonne of cane | Stewart (2025) |
| Environmental | KPI15 | Carbon Emission Index: DT keeps track of and lowers the Carbon Emission Index, which is the amount of CO2 released per ton of sugar (kg) | Arsecularatne et al. (2024) |
| Environmental | KPI16 | Bagasse Utilization Efficiency: the percentage of bagasse that is reused, tracked by DT | Stewart (2025) |
| Strategic | KPI17 | Digital Literacy Rate: the percentage of DT-trained workers that use dashboards at least once a week | Omrany et al. (2025) |
| Strategic | KPI18 | DT Simulation Agility Index: The number of hours it takes to simulate changes in a process or supply chain | McKinsey (2024) |
| Strategic | KPI19 | Strategic Positioning Index: Measures the organization's readiness to leverage DT for future competitive advantage and alignment with industry trends | Bunjaridh et al. (2025) |
| Security | KPI20 | Stakeholder Satisfaction Score: % of those that rate DT usefulness at least 8 out of 10 | Tripathi et al. (2024) |
| Security | KPI21 | Access Compliance Rate: the percentage of DT services that have role-based access control and audit logs | ISO 23247 (2025) |
| Environmental | KPI22 | Sustainability Tracking Rate: the percentage of important ESG KPIs that DT keeps an eye on | Zhao et al. (2021) |
| Operational | KPI23 | Flexibility Index for Processes: Time to change process settings for seasonal changes | McKinsey (2024) |
| Operational | KPI24 | Defect Rate Reduction: The percentage of non-conforming output that goes down because of DT alerts | Sresakoolchai and Kaewunruen (2023) |
| KPI theme | Notation | Statements | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technological | KPI1 | DT Integration Score: the percentage of old OT systems (SCADA/PLC) that are linked to the DT platform | |
| Technological | KPI2 | Data Interoperability Index: the percentage of data transfers that follow semantic ontology rules | |
| Technological | KPI3 | DT Latency Reduction: The average time it takes for data to sync from operations technology (OT) to DT in milliseconds | |
| Technological | KPI4 | Hybrid Model Deployment: Number of active DT modules in sugar operations | |
| Technological | KPI5 | Model Refresh Frequency: how many times, the DT model gets updated in real time each hour | |
| Operational | KPI6 | Overall Equipment Efficiency Prediction Accuracy: the ratio of DT-predicted and actual Effectiveness of All Equipment | |
| Operational | KPI7 | Sugar Recovery Forecast Accuracy: The percentage of sugar recovery predictions that match lab results | |
| Operational | KPI8 | Sensor Coverage Ratio: the average number of IoT sensors for each step in a process, like boiling or grinding | |
| Operational | KPI9 | Predictive Downtime Accuracy: the percentage of correct DT maintenance alerts that come before a failure | |
| Operational | KPI10 | DT Uptime: The percentage of time the DT system is available during production hours | |
| Financial | KPI11 | RoDI = return on investment (ROI) on digital twin deployment after one harvest season. These are initial returns and multi-season follow-up depends on learning curves and capital intensity in mills | |
| Financial | KPI12 | Percentage of maintenance costs saved: the difference between what DT-based projections say and what has happened in the past | |
| Financial | KPI13 | CapEx per DT Node: the amount of money needed to set up a sensor, computer, and network unit | |
| Environmental | KPI14 | Water Use per Ton Cane: DT keeps track of how many litres of water are utilised per tonne of cane | |
| Environmental | KPI15 | Carbon Emission Index: DT keeps track of and lowers the Carbon Emission Index, which is the amount of CO2 released per ton of sugar (kg) | |
| Environmental | KPI16 | Bagasse Utilization Efficiency: the percentage of bagasse that is reused, tracked by DT | |
| Strategic | KPI17 | Digital Literacy Rate: the percentage of DT-trained workers that use dashboards at least once a week | |
| Strategic | KPI18 | DT Simulation Agility Index: The number of hours it takes to simulate changes in a process or supply chain | |
| Strategic | KPI19 | Strategic Positioning Index: | |
| Security | KPI20 | Stakeholder Satisfaction Score: % of those that rate DT usefulness at least 8 out of 10 | |
| Security | KPI21 | Access Compliance Rate: the percentage of DT services that have role-based access control and audit logs | |
| Environmental | KPI22 | Sustainability Tracking Rate: the percentage of important ESG KPIs that DT keeps an eye on | |
| Operational | KPI23 | Flexibility Index for Processes: Time to change process settings for seasonal changes | |
| Operational | KPI24 | Defect Rate Reduction: The percentage of non-conforming output that goes down because of DT alerts |
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