Table 3

Methodological steps of ISM–MICMAC

StepDescriptionInputOutput
Literature reviewSystematic identification of potential KPIs from literature review38,222 initial records; 77 final publications24 preliminary KPIs
Expert validationScoring and the discussion by an expert panel in two rounds12 experts (industry and academia)24 validated KPIs
SSIM developmentUsing expert opinions to look at the relationship among KPIs24 validated KPIsStructural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) matrix
Reachability matrixTransformation of SSIM into initial and final reachability matricesSSIMFinal Reachability Matrix (FRM)
ISM modellingHierarchical placement of KPIs by driving vs dependence powerFRMISM Digraph (KPIs hierarchy)
MICMAC analysisCategorization of KPIs into independent, linkage, dependent, autonomousISM resultsMICMAC quadrant (strategic classification)
Source(s): Authors’ own compilation

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