Table 3.

Human participant profile

Participant
ID
Income level*SectorYears in
operation
Interview
duration (min)
Key innovation focus (Self-Reported)
HP-LI-01Low incomeAgri-tech (small scale)353Resource optimization in farming practices
HP-LI-02Handicrafts and tourism568Leveraging local materials for unique product offerings
HP-LI-03Mobile money services457Adapting existing technology for underserved populations
HP-LI-04Renewable energy solutions261Developing affordable off-grid energy systems
HP-LI-05Subscriptions selling656Selling subscriptions of some services at a certain percentage
HP-lmi-06Lower-middle
income
E-commerce (local artisans)351Connecting traditional artisans with wider online markets
HP-lmi-07Fintech (micro-loans)565Providing accessible financial services through mobile technology
HP-lmi-08Sustainable tourism460Promoting eco-friendly tourism initiatives
HP-lmi-09Food processing and export748Developing value-added agricultural products for international markets
HP-lmi-10Ed-tech (online tutoring)263Offering affordable online educational resources
HP-umi-11Upper-Middle
income
Software development655Creating niche software solutions for specific industries using AI
HP-umi-12Biotechnology (healthcare)471Developing innovative diagnostic tools and treatments
HP-umi-13Renewable energy manufacturing558Localizing the production of solar and wind energy components
HP-umi-14Creative industries (design)364Blending traditional crafts with contemporary design
HP-umi-15E-commerce (specialty goods)759Curating and selling unique, locally sourced
HP-hi-16High incomeAdvanced manufacturing862Implementing industry 4.0 principles for customized production
HP-hi-17Fintech (AI-driven trading)454Using artificial intelligence for algorithmic trading strategies
HP-hi-18Sustainable fashion567Developing circular economy models for the fashion industry
HP-hi-19Biotechnology (therapeutics)949Pioneering novel gene therapies and personalized medicine
HP-hi-20Robotics and automation666Creating advanced robotic solutions for various industrial applications

Note(s):

*According to World Bank (2025); GNI per capita classifications

Source(s): Author’s own creation

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