Table 1 Control variables descriptive...

Table 1

Control variables descriptive statistics

Variable	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max
Panel A: control variables
GDP per Capita	28,375.62	7,713.64	16,373.32	43,943.07
Population	3,003,613	2,445,544	125,034	10,027,602
Employed	1,242,510	1,099,075	60,400	4,910,400
Investment in Research and Innovation	1,128,162	1,273,601	0	5,316,684
Employed in Research and Innovation	38,953.90	51,715,87	900	227,800
Employees in Universities and Research Centers	9,080.20	9,247.83	235	45,764
Panel B: dependent variables
Green	3.059722	6.223741	0	46
Energy	1.563889	3.296026	0	25
Innovative Start-ups	10.49583	22.50508	0	179

Variable	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max
Panel A: control variables
GDP per Capita	28,375.62	7,713.64	16,373.32	43,943.07
Population	3,003,613	2,445,544	125,034	10,027,602
Employed	1,242,510	1,099,075	60,400	4,910,400
Investment in Research and Innovation	1,128,162	1,273,601	0	5,316,684
Employed in Research and Innovation	38,953.90	51,715,87	900	227,800
Employees in Universities and Research Centers	9,080.20	9,247.83	235	45,764
Panel B: dependent variables
Green	3.059722	6.223741	0	46
Energy	1.563889	3.296026	0	25
Innovative Start-ups	10.49583	22.50508	0	179

Note(s): The sample size covers the period 2011–2019. GDP per capita and investment in research and innovation are reported in Euros. All other variables are count variables

Source(s): Authors’ own creation

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