Negative binomial regression estimates - robustness checks
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green | Energy | Innovative start-ups | ||||
| Panel A: global warming (GW) | ||||||
| ln_GW_Health | 5.020 | 4.600 | 5.586 | 4.638 | 4.778 | 4.358 |
| (2.111)** | (2.134)** | (2.199)** | (2.188)** | (1.422)*** | (1.295)*** | |
| [0.030]** | [0.044]** | [0.023]** | [0.046]** | [0.003]*** | [0.003]*** | |
| ln_GW_Job | 2.434 | 2.546 | 4.205 | 4.053 | 2.726 | 2.790 |
| (1.236)** | (1.283)** | (1.322)*** | (1.375)*** | (0.673)*** | (0.721)*** | |
| [0.056]* | [0.056]** | [0.004]*** | [0.008]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_GW_Edu | 4.447 | 3.953 | 7.141 | 6.317 | 6.315 | 5.836 |
| (2.651)* | (2.581) | (2.835)** | (2.768)** | (1.529)*** | (1.474)*** | |
| [0.098]* | [0.126] | [0.023]** | [0.034]** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| Panel B: climate change (CC) | ||||||
| ln_CC_Health | 3.723 | 3.604 | 3.048 | 2.733 | 3.290 | 3.253 |
| (1.322)*** | (1.540)** | (1.527)** | (1.635)* | (0.502)*** | (0.609)*** | |
| [0.007]*** | [0.022]** | [0.048]** | [0.095]* | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_CC_Job | 2.500 | 2.791 | 2.187 | 2.461 | 2.138 | 2.394 |
| (0.829)*** | (0.852)*** | (0.571)*** | (0.609)*** | (0.297)*** | (0.320)*** | |
| [0.005]*** | [0.003]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_CC_Edu | 4.643 | 4.338 | 3.981 | 3.743 | 4.703 | 4.462 |
| (1.481)*** | (1.519)*** | (1.374)*** | (1.333)*** | (0.640)*** | (0.608)*** | |
| [0.004]*** | [0.007]*** | [0.007]*** | [0.007]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green | Energy | Innovative start-ups | ||||
| ln_GW_Health | 5.020 | 4.600 | 5.586 | 4.638 | 4.778 | 4.358 |
| (2.111)** | (2.134)** | (2.199)** | (2.188)** | (1.422)*** | (1.295)*** | |
| [0.030]** | [0.044]** | [0.023]** | [0.046]** | [0.003]*** | [0.003]*** | |
| ln_GW_Job | 2.434 | 2.546 | 4.205 | 4.053 | 2.726 | 2.790 |
| (1.236)** | (1.283)** | (1.322)*** | (1.375)*** | (0.673)*** | (0.721)*** | |
| [0.056]* | [0.056]** | [0.004]*** | [0.008]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_GW_Edu | 4.447 | 3.953 | 7.141 | 6.317 | 6.315 | 5.836 |
| (2.651)* | (2.581) | (2.835)** | (2.768)** | (1.529)*** | (1.474)*** | |
| [0.098]* | [0.126] | [0.023]** | [0.034]** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_CC_Health | 3.723 | 3.604 | 3.048 | 2.733 | 3.290 | 3.253 |
| (1.322)*** | (1.540)** | (1.527)** | (1.635)* | (0.502)*** | (0.609)*** | |
| [0.007]*** | [0.022]** | [0.048]** | [0.095]* | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_CC_Job | 2.500 | 2.791 | 2.187 | 2.461 | 2.138 | 2.394 |
| (0.829)*** | (0.852)*** | (0.571)*** | (0.609)*** | (0.297)*** | (0.320)*** | |
| [0.005]*** | [0.003]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
| ln_CC_Edu | 4.643 | 4.338 | 3.981 | 3.743 | 4.703 | 4.462 |
| (1.481)*** | (1.519)*** | (1.374)*** | (1.333)*** | (0.640)*** | (0.608)*** | |
| [0.004]*** | [0.007]*** | [0.007]*** | [0.007]*** | [0.001]*** | [0.001]*** | |
Note(s): Each cell corresponds to the estimate of the coefficient of the Google Trends variable in the negative binomial regression. Panel A reports the results when using Global Warming as the environmental awareness measure, Panel B when using Climate Change. Columns (1) and (2) report the results for the number of green innovative start-ups without and with controls (not reported for lack of space and available upon request), respectively. The following set of regional control variables has been considered: GDP per capita, population, number of employed workers, investment in research and innovation, number of employed in research and innovation, number of universities and research centers employees. Similar results are reported for the number of innovative energy firms in columns (3) and (4), and the number of all innovative start-ups in columns (5) and (6). Standard errors, clustered at the region level, are reported in parentheses. The corresponding p-values corrected for the false discovery rate, [q-values], are reported in brackets. ∗∗∗, ∗∗ and ∗ correspond to significance at the 1%, 5 and 10%, respectively
Source(s): Authors’ own creation
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