Table 3 The panel data OLS and 2SLS...

Table 3

The panel data OLS and 2SLS estimation results of the impact of property tax rate difference on the (crude) divorce rate

	Divorce rate		Crude divorce rate
	OLS	2SLS	OLS	2SLS
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Property tax diff	−0.0001	−0.0006	−0.00004	0.004***
	(−0.413)	(−0.066)	(−0.635)	(2.664)
Density	−0.000001	−0.0000003	−0.000002***	−0.000004***
	(−0.455)	(−0.052)	(−3.012)	(−3.369)
Elderly people %	−0.00003	−0.00003	0.00006	0.00004
	(-0.318)	(-0.223)	(1.361)	(0.830)
Foreign people %	0.0003***	0.0003***	0.0002***	0.0002***
	(5.334)	(2.360)	(7.596)	(4.825)
Per-capita income (log)	0.005***	0.005***	0.005***	0.004***
	(3.843)	(2.779)	(7.484)	(6.642)
First-stage results
Municipal election year		−0.038***		−0.039***
		(−8.29)		−8.29
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM st		0.000		0.000
Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F st		68.71		68.72
Time dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Obs. No.	44,683	44,683	44,684	44,684

	Divorce rate		Crude divorce rate
	OLS	2SLS	OLS	2SLS
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Property tax diff	−0.0001	−0.0006	−0.00004	0.004***
	(−0.413)	(−0.066)	(−0.635)	(2.664)
Density	−0.000001	−0.0000003	−0.000002***	−0.000004***
	(−0.455)	(−0.052)	(−3.012)	(−3.369)
Elderly people %	−0.00003	−0.00003	0.00006	0.00004
	(-0.318)	(-0.223)	(1.361)	(0.830)
Foreign people %	0.0003***	0.0003***	0.0002***	0.0002***
	(5.334)	(2.360)	(7.596)	(4.825)
Per-capita income (log)	0.005***	0.005***	0.005***	0.004***
	(3.843)	(2.779)	(7.484)	(6.642)
First-stage results
Municipal election year		−0.038***		−0.039***
		(−8.29)		−8.29
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM st		0.000		0.000
Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F st		68.71		68.72
Time dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Obs. No.	44,683	44,683	44,684	44,684

Note(s): A constant term is included in each panel data regression analysis. t-value in brackets and standard errors robust to heteroskedasticity. Significant at level ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Author work

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