Summary of statistics
| High income | Low-middle income | Upper-middle income | Full sample | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Real GDP | 7561.0707 | 10179.6140 | 2.6817e+08 | 1.8165e+09 | 6.7228e+08 | 8.4918e+09 | 2.0158e+08 | 4.4466e+09 |
| Number of person engaged | 7.7863 | 10.4277 | 7.7985 | 9.1978 | 11.5099 | 19.3105 | 8.8112 | 13.4912 |
| Capital stock | 35716.9336 | 48925.4665 | 1.4371e+09 | 9.5952e+09 | 3.3848e+09 | 4.2056e+10 | 1.0213e+09 | 2.2042e+10 |
| CO2 pc | 5.1468e+14 | 3.0036e+14 | 3.1366e+14 | 2.2542e+14 | 3.5493e+14 | 2.5310e+14 | 4.5567e+14 | 2.9417e+14 |
| Nitrous | 10566.6795 | 13997.3834 | 8474.1111 | 11296.4216 | 12544.3636 | 17482.0711 | 10953.6000 | 14895.7793 |
| Electric power consumption | 4.4885e+14 | 2.8440e+14 | 2.4853e+14 | 1.4904e+14 | 2.9522e+14 | 3.1547e+14 | 3.9158e+14 | 2.9620e+14 |
| Trade freedom | 80.1551 | 10.6217 | 57.6133 | 59.3773 | 84.6291 | 44.0632 | 79.6948 | 30.1861 |
| Urban population | 63900.5038 | 26118.1184 | 51087.8159 | 22480.2386 | 54606.5125 | 19818.6762 | 60383.7046 | 24742.8741 |
| Government stability | 7.8251 | 1.9680 | 10.3690 | 5.5954 | 8.2157 | 3.2538 | 8.1233 | 2.8608 |
| Socioeconomic conditions | 7.5964 | 1.8851 | 3.8861 | 1.1956 | 4.7529 | 2.3789 | 6.5362 | 2.4701 |
| Investment profile | 9.3512 | 2.2596 | 7.1292 | 2.0884 | 6.9812 | 2.6484 | 8.5328 | 2.6100 |
| Internal conflict | 10.6025 | 1.2990 | 9.8620 | 2.1051 | 9.3072 | 1.7260 | 10.1907 | 1.6050 |
| External conflict | 10.8679 | 1.0438 | 9.3014 | 2.3664 | 9.3624 | 2.3261 | 10.3364 | 1.7702 |
| Corruption | 4.2524 | 1.1580 | 1.9342 | 0.4631 | 2.3127 | 1.1102 | 3.5451 | 1.4709 |
| Military in politics | 5.6557 | 0.5225 | 4.2324 | 0.5771 | 4.1074 | 1.0448 | 5.1232 | 1.0147 |
| Religious tensions | 5.3429 | 0.6585 | 5.4611 | 0.4985 | 4.9398 | 0.7923 | 5.2409 | 0.7126 |
| Law and order | 5.1220 | 0.9482 | 4.0062 | 0.6910 | 3.7140 | 0.7813 | 4.6511 | 1.0974 |
| Ethnic tensions | 4.4855 | 1.1197 | 5.0375 | 2.2537 | 3.8836 | 1.0897 | 4.3614 | 1.2746 |
| Democratic accountability | 5.6358 | 0.5637 | 4.8449 | 2.3518 | 2.7723 | 3.8527 | 4.7891 | 2.5052 |
| Bureaucracy quality | 3.4505 | 0.6100 | 1.1611 | 0.3659 | 1.5883 | 0.9918 | 2.7667 | 1.1839 |
| ICRG (Mean) | 6.6823 | 0.6060 | 5.6021 | 1.0590 | 5.1615 | 0.7614 | 6.1831 | 0.9776 |
| Control of corruption | 1.2024 | 0.9192 | −0.6425 | 0.3406 | −0.5230 | 0.5956 | 0.5895 | 1.1635 |
| Government effectiveness | 1.3196 | 0.5870 | −0.4162 | 0.3470 | −0.1314 | 0.5940 | 0.7903 | 0.9245 |
| Political stability | 0.9045 | 0.4327 | −0.6220 | 1.2932 | −0.2328 | 0.7291 | 0.4772 | 0.8601 |
| Rule of law | 1.3036 | 0.6220 | −0.5153 | 0.2851 | −0.5311 | 0.5686 | 0.6626 | 1.0534 |
| Regulatory quality | 1.2809 | 0.4638 | −0.1393 | 0.4222 | −0.2720 | 0.7464 | 0.7473 | 0.9143 |
| Voice and accountability | 1.2384 | 0.3209 | −0.3809 | 0.4712 | −0.3216 | 0.7509 | 0.6879 | 0.8952 |
| QG (Mean) | 1.2083 | 0.4782 | −0.4527 | 0.2261 | −0.3353 | 0.4773 | 0.6591 | 0.8809 |
| Observations | 780 | 90 | 330 | 1200 |
| High income | Low-middle income | Upper-middle income | Full sample | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Real GDP | 7561.0707 | 10179.6140 | 2.6817e+08 | 1.8165e+09 | 6.7228e+08 | 8.4918e+09 | 2.0158e+08 | 4.4466e+09 |
| Number of person engaged | 7.7863 | 10.4277 | 7.7985 | 9.1978 | 11.5099 | 19.3105 | 8.8112 | 13.4912 |
| Capital stock | 35716.9336 | 48925.4665 | 1.4371e+09 | 9.5952e+09 | 3.3848e+09 | 4.2056e+10 | 1.0213e+09 | 2.2042e+10 |
| CO2 pc | 5.1468e+14 | 3.0036e+14 | 3.1366e+14 | 2.2542e+14 | 3.5493e+14 | 2.5310e+14 | 4.5567e+14 | 2.9417e+14 |
| Nitrous | 10566.6795 | 13997.3834 | 8474.1111 | 11296.4216 | 12544.3636 | 17482.0711 | 10953.6000 | 14895.7793 |
| Electric power consumption | 4.4885e+14 | 2.8440e+14 | 2.4853e+14 | 1.4904e+14 | 2.9522e+14 | 3.1547e+14 | 3.9158e+14 | 2.9620e+14 |
| Trade freedom | 80.1551 | 10.6217 | 57.6133 | 59.3773 | 84.6291 | 44.0632 | 79.6948 | 30.1861 |
| Urban population | 63900.5038 | 26118.1184 | 51087.8159 | 22480.2386 | 54606.5125 | 19818.6762 | 60383.7046 | 24742.8741 |
| Government stability | 7.8251 | 1.9680 | 10.3690 | 5.5954 | 8.2157 | 3.2538 | 8.1233 | 2.8608 |
| Socioeconomic conditions | 7.5964 | 1.8851 | 3.8861 | 1.1956 | 4.7529 | 2.3789 | 6.5362 | 2.4701 |
| Investment profile | 9.3512 | 2.2596 | 7.1292 | 2.0884 | 6.9812 | 2.6484 | 8.5328 | 2.6100 |
| Internal conflict | 10.6025 | 1.2990 | 9.8620 | 2.1051 | 9.3072 | 1.7260 | 10.1907 | 1.6050 |
| External conflict | 10.8679 | 1.0438 | 9.3014 | 2.3664 | 9.3624 | 2.3261 | 10.3364 | 1.7702 |
| Corruption | 4.2524 | 1.1580 | 1.9342 | 0.4631 | 2.3127 | 1.1102 | 3.5451 | 1.4709 |
| Military in politics | 5.6557 | 0.5225 | 4.2324 | 0.5771 | 4.1074 | 1.0448 | 5.1232 | 1.0147 |
| Religious tensions | 5.3429 | 0.6585 | 5.4611 | 0.4985 | 4.9398 | 0.7923 | 5.2409 | 0.7126 |
| Law and order | 5.1220 | 0.9482 | 4.0062 | 0.6910 | 3.7140 | 0.7813 | 4.6511 | 1.0974 |
| Ethnic tensions | 4.4855 | 1.1197 | 5.0375 | 2.2537 | 3.8836 | 1.0897 | 4.3614 | 1.2746 |
| Democratic accountability | 5.6358 | 0.5637 | 4.8449 | 2.3518 | 2.7723 | 3.8527 | 4.7891 | 2.5052 |
| Bureaucracy quality | 3.4505 | 0.6100 | 1.1611 | 0.3659 | 1.5883 | 0.9918 | 2.7667 | 1.1839 |
| ICRG (Mean) | 6.6823 | 0.6060 | 5.6021 | 1.0590 | 5.1615 | 0.7614 | 6.1831 | 0.9776 |
| Control of corruption | 1.2024 | 0.9192 | −0.6425 | 0.3406 | −0.5230 | 0.5956 | 0.5895 | 1.1635 |
| Government effectiveness | 1.3196 | 0.5870 | −0.4162 | 0.3470 | −0.1314 | 0.5940 | 0.7903 | 0.9245 |
| Political stability | 0.9045 | 0.4327 | −0.6220 | 1.2932 | −0.2328 | 0.7291 | 0.4772 | 0.8601 |
| Rule of law | 1.3036 | 0.6220 | −0.5153 | 0.2851 | −0.5311 | 0.5686 | 0.6626 | 1.0534 |
| Regulatory quality | 1.2809 | 0.4638 | −0.1393 | 0.4222 | −0.2720 | 0.7464 | 0.7473 | 0.9143 |
| Voice and accountability | 1.2384 | 0.3209 | −0.3809 | 0.4712 | −0.3216 | 0.7509 | 0.6879 | 0.8952 |
| QG (Mean) | 1.2083 | 0.4782 | −0.4527 | 0.2261 | −0.3353 | 0.4773 | 0.6591 | 0.8809 |
| Observations | 780 | 90 | 330 | 1200 |
Note(s): Own elaboration; SD: standard deviation
Source(s): Authors own creation
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