Table 1 Cobb–Douglas and translog...

Table 1

Cobb–Douglas and translog parameters' estimation (Specification A)

y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Translog	Translog	Translog
Production function parameters
ln(Number of person engaged)	0.414^***	0.535^***	0.474^***	0.349^***	0.482^***	0.400^***
ln(Number of person engaged)	[0.0208]	[0.0155]	[0.0182]	[0.0168]	[0.0140]	[0.0153]
ln(Capital stock)	0.611^***	0.484^***	0.543^***	0.604^***	0.506^***	0.569^***
ln(Capital stock)	[0.0212]	[0.0155]	[0.0187]	[0.0163]	[0.0145]	[0.0159]
ln(CO₂ pc)	0.00270	−0.0124^***	−0.0100	−0.0818^***	−0.0655^***	−0.0724^***
ln(CO₂ pc)	[0.00899]	[0.00456]	[0.00633]	[0.0115]	[0.00773]	[0.00977]
ln(Number of person engaged)²				0.333^***	0.318^***	0.289^***
ln(Number of person engaged)²				[0.0463]	[0.0350]	[0.0396]
ln(Capital stock)²				0.232^***	0.198^***	0.202^***
ln(Capital stock)²				[0.0359]	[0.0316]	[0.0331]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				−0.541^***	−0.501^***	−0.474^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				[0.0659]	[0.0614]	[0.0625]
ln(CO₂ pc)²				−0.00893^***	−0.00543^***	−0.00730^***
ln(CO₂ pc)²				[0.00208]	[0.00135]	[0.00168]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				−0.00377	0.000727	−0.00216
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.0234]	[0.0135]	[0.0181]
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				0.0152	0.00476	0.00944
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.0198]	[0.0118]	[0.0156]
Constant	0.247^***	0.282^***	0.346^***	0.239^***	0.235^***	0.252^***
Constant	[0.0519]	[0.0415]	[0.0735]	[0.0430]	[0.0368]	[0.0408]
Determinants in the inefficiency component
WB (Mean)		−0.677^***			−0.753^***
WB (Mean)		[0.0643]			[0.0702]
ICRG (Mean)			−0.506^***			−0.713^***
ICRG (Mean)			[0.0724]			[0.112]
ln(Electric power consumption)	−0.509	0.0168^***	0.108^***	−1.210	0.0134^***	0.127^***
ln(Electric power consumption)	[1.469]	[0.00399]	[0.0118]	[1.225]	[0.00433]	[0.0165]
Trade freedom	−0.0366	−0.000482	−0.00673^***	−0.0211	−0.000438	−0.00927^***
Trade freedom	[0.0886]	[0.000414]	[0.00135]	[0.0208]	[0.000420]	[0.00208]
ln(Urban population)	0.370	−0.000242	0.0100	0.188	0.00347	0.0278
ln(Urban population)	[1.052]	[0.0100]	[0.0139]	[0.259]	[0.0104]	[0.0240]
Trend	−0.500	−0.0157^***	−0.0182^***	−0.187	−0.0171^***	−0.0184^***
Trend	[1.263]	[0.00413]	[0.00596]	[0.199]	[0.00404]	[0.00695]
Country	40	40	40	40	40	40
Period	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019
Observations	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133

y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Translog	Translog	Translog
Production function parameters
ln(Number of person engaged)	0.414^***	0.535^***	0.474^***	0.349^***	0.482^***	0.400^***
ln(Number of person engaged)	[0.0208]	[0.0155]	[0.0182]	[0.0168]	[0.0140]	[0.0153]
ln(Capital stock)	0.611^***	0.484^***	0.543^***	0.604^***	0.506^***	0.569^***
ln(Capital stock)	[0.0212]	[0.0155]	[0.0187]	[0.0163]	[0.0145]	[0.0159]
ln(CO₂ pc)	0.00270	−0.0124^***	−0.0100	−0.0818^***	−0.0655^***	−0.0724^***
ln(CO₂ pc)	[0.00899]	[0.00456]	[0.00633]	[0.0115]	[0.00773]	[0.00977]
ln(Number of person engaged)²				0.333^***	0.318^***	0.289^***
ln(Number of person engaged)²				[0.0463]	[0.0350]	[0.0396]
ln(Capital stock)²				0.232^***	0.198^***	0.202^***
ln(Capital stock)²				[0.0359]	[0.0316]	[0.0331]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				−0.541^***	−0.501^***	−0.474^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				[0.0659]	[0.0614]	[0.0625]
ln(CO₂ pc)²				−0.00893^***	−0.00543^***	−0.00730^***
ln(CO₂ pc)²				[0.00208]	[0.00135]	[0.00168]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				−0.00377	0.000727	−0.00216
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.0234]	[0.0135]	[0.0181]
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				0.0152	0.00476	0.00944
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.0198]	[0.0118]	[0.0156]
Constant	0.247^***	0.282^***	0.346^***	0.239^***	0.235^***	0.252^***
Constant	[0.0519]	[0.0415]	[0.0735]	[0.0430]	[0.0368]	[0.0408]
Determinants in the inefficiency component
WB (Mean)		−0.677^***			−0.753^***
WB (Mean)		[0.0643]			[0.0702]
ICRG (Mean)			−0.506^***			−0.713^***
ICRG (Mean)			[0.0724]			[0.112]
ln(Electric power consumption)	−0.509	0.0168^***	0.108^***	−1.210	0.0134^***	0.127^***
ln(Electric power consumption)	[1.469]	[0.00399]	[0.0118]	[1.225]	[0.00433]	[0.0165]
Trade freedom	−0.0366	−0.000482	−0.00673^***	−0.0211	−0.000438	−0.00927^***
Trade freedom	[0.0886]	[0.000414]	[0.00135]	[0.0208]	[0.000420]	[0.00208]
ln(Urban population)	0.370	−0.000242	0.0100	0.188	0.00347	0.0278
ln(Urban population)	[1.052]	[0.0100]	[0.0139]	[0.259]	[0.0104]	[0.0240]
Trend	−0.500	−0.0157^***	−0.0182^***	−0.187	−0.0171^***	−0.0184^***
Trend	[1.263]	[0.00413]	[0.00596]	[0.199]	[0.00404]	[0.00695]
Country	40	40	40	40	40	40
Period	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019
Observations	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133

Note(s): Standard errors in brackets; ^*p < 0.10, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01

Time dummies included in the production function, but not reported in the estimation

Source(s): Authors own creation

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