Table 2 Cobb–Douglas and translog...

Table 2

Cobb–Douglas and translog parameters' estimation (Specification B)

y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Translog	Translog	Translog
Production function parameters
ln(Number of person engaged)	0.475^***	0.566^***	0.516^***	0.427^***	0.531^***	0.462^***
ln(Number of person engaged)	[0.0236]	[0.0178]	[0.0204]	[0.0184]	[0.0143]	[0.0156]
ln(Capital stock)	0.528^***	0.445^***	0.490^***	0.503^***	0.472^***	0.510^***
ln(Capital stock)	[0.0237]	[0.0187]	[0.0215]	[0.0191]	[0.0165]	[0.0200]
ln(CO₂ pc)	0.00153	−0.0120^**	−0.00871	−0.0682^***	−0.0486^***	−0.0564^***
ln(CO₂ pc)	[0.00598]	[0.00466]	[0.00631]	[0.00805]	[0.00702]	[0.00890]
ln(Nitrous)	−0.196^***	−0.0907^***	−0.129^***	−0.306^***	−0.122^***	−0.175^***
ln(Nitrous)	[0.0272]	[0.0196]	[0.0224]	[0.0208]	[0.0174]	[0.0286]
ln(Number of person engaged)²				0.473^***	0.584^***	0.544^***
ln(Number of person engaged)²				[0.0432]	[0.0425]	[0.0538]
ln(Capital stock)²				0.210^***	0.414^***	0.347^***
ln(Capital stock)²				[0.0389]	[0.0407]	[0.0551]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				−0.685^***	−0.989^***	−0.880^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				[0.0757]	[0.0794]	[0.104]
ln(CO₂ pc)²				−0.00561^***	−0.00278^**	−0.00395^***
ln(CO₂ pc)²				[0.00124]	[0.00112]	[0.00132]
ln(Nitrous)²				0.225^***	0.356^***	0.269^***
ln(Nitrous)²				[0.0356]	[0.0283]	[0.0395]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				0.0397^***	0.0285^***	0.0420^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.00807]	[0.00881]	[0.00750]
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				−0.0242^***	−0.0233^***	−0.0309^***
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.00778]	[0.00752]	[0.00626]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Nitrous)				−0.503^***	−0.431^***	−0.451^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Nitrous)				[0.0314]	[0.0313]	[0.0387]
ln(Capital stock)*ln(Nitrous)				0.366^***	0.405^***	0.382^***
ln(Capital stock)*ln(Nitrous)				[0.0325]	[0.0311]	[0.0405]
ln(CO₂ pc)*ln(Nitrous)				−0.0436^***	−0.0384^**	−0.0446^**
ln(CO₂ pc)*ln(Nitrous)				[0.0152]	[0.0170]	[0.0178]
Constant	0.305^***	0.301^***	0.379^***	0.852^***	0.204^***	0.310^***
Constant	[0.0572]	[0.0441]	[0.0808]	[0.113]	[0.0373]	[0.0661]
Determinants in the inefficiency component
WB (MEAN)		−0.667^***			−0.675^***
WB (MEAN)		[0.0685]			[0.0702]
ICRG (Mean)			−0.458^***			−0.442^***
ICRG (Mean)			[0.0827]			[0.126]
ln(Electric power consumption)	−0.141	0.0168^***	0.0994^***	0.0217^***	0.0114^***	0.0866^***
ln(Electric power consumption)	[0.255]	[0.00405]	[0.0129]	[0.00375]	[0.00317]	[0.0194]
Trade freedom	−0.0127	−0.000489	−0.00613^***	0.000260	−0.000335	−0.00531^***
Trade freedom	[0.0154]	[0.000405]	[0.00141]	[0.000346]	[0.000335]	[0.00188]
ln(Urban population)	0.104	−0.00303	0.00600	−0.00435	−0.00477	0.00146
ln(Urban population)	[0.209]	[0.0100]	[0.0135]	[0.00561]	[0.00779]	[0.0129]
Trend	−0.227	−0.0176^***	−0.0209^***	−0.0455^***	−0.00676^*	−0.00677
Trend	[0.297]	[0.00416]	[0.00589]	[0.00949]	[0.00350]	[0.00495]
Country	40	40	40	40	40	40
Period	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019
Observations	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133

y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
y = ln(Real gross domestic product per capita)	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Cobb–douglas	Translog	Translog	Translog
Production function parameters
ln(Number of person engaged)	0.475^***	0.566^***	0.516^***	0.427^***	0.531^***	0.462^***
ln(Number of person engaged)	[0.0236]	[0.0178]	[0.0204]	[0.0184]	[0.0143]	[0.0156]
ln(Capital stock)	0.528^***	0.445^***	0.490^***	0.503^***	0.472^***	0.510^***
ln(Capital stock)	[0.0237]	[0.0187]	[0.0215]	[0.0191]	[0.0165]	[0.0200]
ln(CO₂ pc)	0.00153	−0.0120^**	−0.00871	−0.0682^***	−0.0486^***	−0.0564^***
ln(CO₂ pc)	[0.00598]	[0.00466]	[0.00631]	[0.00805]	[0.00702]	[0.00890]
ln(Nitrous)	−0.196^***	−0.0907^***	−0.129^***	−0.306^***	−0.122^***	−0.175^***
ln(Nitrous)	[0.0272]	[0.0196]	[0.0224]	[0.0208]	[0.0174]	[0.0286]
ln(Number of person engaged)²				0.473^***	0.584^***	0.544^***
ln(Number of person engaged)²				[0.0432]	[0.0425]	[0.0538]
ln(Capital stock)²				0.210^***	0.414^***	0.347^***
ln(Capital stock)²				[0.0389]	[0.0407]	[0.0551]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				−0.685^***	−0.989^***	−0.880^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Capital stock)				[0.0757]	[0.0794]	[0.104]
ln(CO₂ pc)²				−0.00561^***	−0.00278^**	−0.00395^***
ln(CO₂ pc)²				[0.00124]	[0.00112]	[0.00132]
ln(Nitrous)²				0.225^***	0.356^***	0.269^***
ln(Nitrous)²				[0.0356]	[0.0283]	[0.0395]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				0.0397^***	0.0285^***	0.0420^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.00807]	[0.00881]	[0.00750]
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				−0.0242^***	−0.0233^***	−0.0309^***
ln(Capital stock)*ln(CO₂ pc)				[0.00778]	[0.00752]	[0.00626]
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Nitrous)				−0.503^***	−0.431^***	−0.451^***
ln(Number of person engaged)*ln(Nitrous)				[0.0314]	[0.0313]	[0.0387]
ln(Capital stock)*ln(Nitrous)				0.366^***	0.405^***	0.382^***
ln(Capital stock)*ln(Nitrous)				[0.0325]	[0.0311]	[0.0405]
ln(CO₂ pc)*ln(Nitrous)				−0.0436^***	−0.0384^**	−0.0446^**
ln(CO₂ pc)*ln(Nitrous)				[0.0152]	[0.0170]	[0.0178]
Constant	0.305^***	0.301^***	0.379^***	0.852^***	0.204^***	0.310^***
Constant	[0.0572]	[0.0441]	[0.0808]	[0.113]	[0.0373]	[0.0661]
Determinants in the inefficiency component
WB (MEAN)		−0.667^***			−0.675^***
WB (MEAN)		[0.0685]			[0.0702]
ICRG (Mean)			−0.458^***			−0.442^***
ICRG (Mean)			[0.0827]			[0.126]
ln(Electric power consumption)	−0.141	0.0168^***	0.0994^***	0.0217^***	0.0114^***	0.0866^***
ln(Electric power consumption)	[0.255]	[0.00405]	[0.0129]	[0.00375]	[0.00317]	[0.0194]
Trade freedom	−0.0127	−0.000489	−0.00613^***	0.000260	−0.000335	−0.00531^***
Trade freedom	[0.0154]	[0.000405]	[0.00141]	[0.000346]	[0.000335]	[0.00188]
ln(Urban population)	0.104	−0.00303	0.00600	−0.00435	−0.00477	0.00146
ln(Urban population)	[0.209]	[0.0100]	[0.0135]	[0.00561]	[0.00779]	[0.0129]
Trend	−0.227	−0.0176^***	−0.0209^***	−0.0455^***	−0.00676^*	−0.00677
Trend	[0.297]	[0.00416]	[0.00589]	[0.00949]	[0.00350]	[0.00495]
Country	40	40	40	40	40	40
Period	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019	1990–2019
Observations	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133	1133

Note(s): Standard errors in brackets; ^*p < 0.10, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01

Time dummies included in the production function, but not reported in the estimation

Source(s): Authors own creation

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