The results of hypothesis testing
| Hypothesis/unexpected effect | Standardized path coefficient | T-value | Significance | Support | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1a | INT → PLE | 0.738 | 17.253 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| H1b | INT → SLE | 0.377 | 8.837 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| Unexpected effect | INT → LP | −0.078 | −1.334 | p > 0.05 | |
| Unexpected effect | INT → LO | 0.145 | 1.885 | p > 0.05 | |
| H2a | VRG → PLE | 0.469 | 11.598 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| H2b | VRG → SLE | 0.755 | 18.688 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| Unexpected effect | VRG → LP | 0.009 | 0.160 | p > 0.05 | |
| Unexpected effect | VRG → LO | 0.065 | 0.880 | p > 0.05 | |
| H3 | PLE → LP | 0.547 | 9.496 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| Unexpected effect | PLE → LO | 0.113 | 1.159 | p > 0.05 | |
| H4 | SLE → LP | 0.492 | 8.513 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| Unexpected effect | SLE → LO | 0.154 | 1.906 | p > 0.05 | |
| H5 | LP → LO | 0.419 | 5.003 | p < 0.001 | Yes |
| Hypothesis/unexpected effect | Standardized path coefficient | Significance | Support | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INT → PLE | 0.738 | 17.253 | Yes | ||
| INT → SLE | 0.377 | 8.837 | Yes | ||
| Unexpected effect | INT → LP | −0.078 | −1.334 | ||
| Unexpected effect | INT → LO | 0.145 | 1.885 | ||
| VRG → PLE | 0.469 | 11.598 | Yes | ||
| VRG → SLE | 0.755 | 18.688 | Yes | ||
| Unexpected effect | VRG → LP | 0.009 | 0.160 | ||
| Unexpected effect | VRG → LO | 0.065 | 0.880 | ||
| PLE → LP | 0.547 | 9.496 | Yes | ||
| Unexpected effect | PLE → LO | 0.113 | 1.159 | ||
| SLE → LP | 0.492 | 8.513 | Yes | ||
| Unexpected effect | SLE → LO | 0.154 | 1.906 | ||
| LP → LO | 0.419 | 5.003 | Yes | ||
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