TableĀ 1

Feedback Types by Temporal and Source Characteristics Feedback

SynchronousAsynchronous
Data as FeedbackHuman Feedback Delivered ElectronicallyData as FeedbackHuman Feedback Delivered Electronically

To student:

  • Quiz results

  • Tutorials

  • Mobile devices

  • Clickers

Instructor to student:

  • Live chat office hours

  • Chat facilitation in online class session

Peer-to-peer

  • Chat discussion in online class session

  • Online meetings for group assignments

CMS-to-instructor:

  • Reports from the CMS to be analyzed and feedback delivered to student

Instructor-to-student:

  • Grades and comments

  • Discussion facilitation

  • Corrective comments on drafts of papers

Peer-to-peer:

  • Wikis

  • Blogs

  • Discussion boards

  • Peer review of written work

Sources:Grant (2012); Hung et al. (2013); Liu and Cavanagh (2011); Mangino (2012); Powell et al. (2011); Revere & Kovach (2011).

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