Table 3

Reliability and validity assessment

VariableStandardized factor loadingsCronbach’s alphaCRAVE
EPEP10.8030.8620.86270.6113
EP20.806
EP30.763
EP40.754
EIEI10.7780.8570.85730.6002
EI20.774
EI30.77
EI40.777
EAEA10.7320.8220.82160.5353
EA20.728
EA30.711
EA40.755
EMPEMP10.7970.8460.84640.5797
EMP20.763
EMP30.756
EMP40.728
ELEL10.7150.8590.85970.5509
EL20.743
EL30.771
EL40.752
EL50.729
WPWP10.7380.840.84010.5679
WP20.76
WP30.763
WP40.753

Note(s): CR: Composite Reliability; AVE: Average Variance Extracted; Factor Loadings: the correlation between observed variables and latent variables

Source(s): Authors’ own creation

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