Table 1 Description of regression... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Description of regression variables

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Std. dev.	Min	Max	Expected sign	Reference	Sources
Dependent variable
${market_share}_{VN, j, t}$	2,836	0.004	0.012	0	0.147		Abeliansky et al. (2021), Cheong et al. (2016), Hummels and Klenow (2005)	The BACI-CEPII database, Sauvage (2014), WTO (2011), APEC (2012), Abeliansky et al. (2021), Cheong et al. (2016) and Hummels and Klenow (2005)
${E M}_{V N, j, t}$	2,836	0.24	0.225	0	0.936
${I M}_{V N, j, t}$	2,836	0.027	0.096	0	1
Independent variable
ln (⁠ ${e x v o l_5}_{V N, j, t}$ ⁠)	2,836	−3.7	0.703	−5.938	0.307	–	Dincer et al. (2022), Qiu et al. (2020), Zaki et al. (2019)	Author’s calculation using data from IMF and the method developed by Giofré and Sokolenko (2023)
ln (⁠ ${e x v o l_2}_{V N, j, t}$ ⁠)	2,836	−3.898	0.734	−6.91	0.188	–
${\ln (g d p c)}_{j, t}$	2,836	8.779	1.417	5.569	11.63	+	Qiu et al. (2020)	World Development Indicator – World Bank
${\ln (p o p)}_{j, t}$	2,836	16.093	1.769	11.138	21.072	+	Nguyen (2023)	World Development Indicator – World Bank
${t r a d e f r e e d o m}_{j, t}$	2,836	74.613	11.874	0	95	+	Gnangnon (2019)	The Heritage Foundation database
$\ln {(d i s)}_{V N, j}$	2,836	8.99	0.709	5.352	9.883	–	Nguyen (2023), Zaki et al. (2019)	The CEPII gravity dataset
${FTA}_{V N, j, t}$	2,836	0.111	0.314	0	1	+	Nguyen (2023)
${C O L}_{V N, j}$	2,836	0.128	0.334	0	1	+	Zaki et al. (2019)

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Std. dev.	Min	Max	Expected sign	Reference	Sources
Dependent variable
${market_share}_{VN, j, t}$	2,836	0.004	0.012	0	0.147		Abeliansky et al. (2021), Cheong et al. (2016), Hummels and Klenow (2005)	The BACI-CEPII database, Sauvage (2014), WTO (2011), APEC (2012), Abeliansky et al. (2021), Cheong et al. (2016) and Hummels and Klenow (2005)
${E M}_{V N, j, t}$	2,836	0.24	0.225	0	0.936
${I M}_{V N, j, t}$	2,836	0.027	0.096	0	1
Independent variable
ln ( ${e x v o l_5}_{V N, j, t}$ )	2,836	−3.7	0.703	−5.938	0.307	–	Dincer et al. (2022), Qiu et al. (2020), Zaki et al. (2019)	Author’s calculation using data from IMF and the method developed by Giofré and Sokolenko (2023)
ln ( ${e x v o l_2}_{V N, j, t}$ )	2,836	−3.898	0.734	−6.91	0.188	–
${\ln (g d p c)}_{j, t}$	2,836	8.779	1.417	5.569	11.63	+	Qiu et al. (2020)	World Development Indicator – World Bank
${\ln (p o p)}_{j, t}$	2,836	16.093	1.769	11.138	21.072	+	Nguyen (2023)	World Development Indicator – World Bank
${t r a d e f r e e d o m}_{j, t}$	2,836	74.613	11.874	0	95	+	Gnangnon (2019)	The Heritage Foundation database
$\ln {(d i s)}_{V N, j}$	2,836	8.99	0.709	5.352	9.883	–	Nguyen (2023), Zaki et al. (2019)	The CEPII gravity dataset
${FTA}_{V N, j, t}$	2,836	0.111	0.314	0	1	+	Nguyen (2023)
${C O L}_{V N, j}$	2,836	0.128	0.334	0	1	+	Zaki et al. (2019)

Source(s): Author’s own work