Table 1 Determinants of export...

Table 1

Determinants of export sophistication

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)
lnExport sophistication	0.662***	0.660***	0.667***
lnExport sophistication	(0.106)	(0.0978)	(0.107)
lnGDP per capita	0.0650**	0.0723**	0.063**
lnGDP per capita	(0.0306)	(0.0347)	(0.032)
lnopenness	0.0939*	0.0866*	0.096**
lnopenness	(0.0524)	(0.0498)	(0.049)
lnpopulation	0.0170	0.0126	0.017
lnpopulation	(0.0165)	(0.0151)	(0.016)
FDI	0.00129	0.0131*	0.00682*
FDI	(0.00130)	(0.008)	(0.004)
FDI*human capital		0.00689*
FDI*human capital		(0.00382)
FDI*institutional quality			0.00930*
FDI*institutional quality			(0.005)
Constant	1.943***	2.014***	1.916***
Constant	(0.500)	(0.438)	(0.500)
Observations	315	315	315
Number of countries	35	35	35
Country effect	No	No	No
Year effect	No	No	No
Hansen_test	28.50	28.48	28.04
Hansen Prob	0.438	0.439	0.462
AR(1)_test	−2.383	−2.395	−2.376
AR(1)_p-value	0.0172	0.0166	0.0175
AR(2)_test	0.570	0.534	0.580
AR(2)_p-value	0.569	0.593	0.562
No. of instruments	32	32	33

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)
lnExport sophistication	0.662***	0.660***	0.667***
lnExport sophistication	(0.106)	(0.0978)	(0.107)
lnGDP per capita	0.0650**	0.0723**	0.063**
lnGDP per capita	(0.0306)	(0.0347)	(0.032)
lnopenness	0.0939*	0.0866*	0.096**
lnopenness	(0.0524)	(0.0498)	(0.049)
lnpopulation	0.0170	0.0126	0.017
lnpopulation	(0.0165)	(0.0151)	(0.016)
FDI	0.00129	0.0131*	0.00682*
FDI	(0.00130)	(0.008)	(0.004)
FDI*human capital		0.00689*
FDI*human capital		(0.00382)
FDI*institutional quality			0.00930*
FDI*institutional quality			(0.005)
Constant	1.943***	2.014***	1.916***
Constant	(0.500)	(0.438)	(0.500)
Observations	315	315	315
Number of countries	35	35	35
Country effect	No	No	No
Year effect	No	No	No
Hansen_test	28.50	28.48	28.04
Hansen Prob	0.438	0.439	0.462
AR(1)_test	−2.383	−2.395	−2.376
AR(1)_p-value	0.0172	0.0166	0.0175
AR(2)_test	0.570	0.534	0.580
AR(2)_p-value	0.569	0.593	0.562
No. of instruments	32	32	33

Note(s): AR: autoregressive; Robust standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Authors’ illustration

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