Leadership profiles – mean scores
| Time 1 | Leadership profiles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Lower leadership ratings (n = 96) | 2. Medium leadership ratings (n = 299) | 3. Higher leadership ratings (n = 256) | |
| Leadership scales | |||
| Exemplary modela | 4.00 | 5.10 | 5.67 |
| Ind. considerationa | 3.40 | 4.58 | 5.52 |
| Insp. and motiv.a | 2.83 | 4.44 | 5.48 |
| Envir. monit.b | 3.24 | 3.92 | 4.71 |
| Strategyb | 3.21 | 3.85 | 4.63 |
| Path-goal fac.b | 2.70 | 3.65 | 4.54 |
| Outcome monit.b | 2.79 | 3.89 | 4.73 |
| Time 1 | Leadership profiles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Lower leadership ratings ( | 2. Medium leadership ratings ( | 3. Higher leadership ratings ( | |
| Exemplary modela | 4.00 | 5.10 | 5.67 |
| Ind. considerationa | 3.40 | 4.58 | 5.52 |
| Insp. and motiv.a | 2.83 | 4.44 | 5.48 |
| Envir. monit.b | 3.24 | 3.92 | 4.71 |
| Strategyb | 3.21 | 3.85 | 4.63 |
| Path-goal fac.b | 2.70 | 3.65 | 4.54 |
| Outcome monit.b | 2.79 | 3.89 | 4.73 |
| Time 2 | Leadership profiles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Lower leadership ratings (n = 63) | 2. Medium leadership ratings (n = 203) | 3. Higher leadership ratings (n = 214) | |
| Leadership scales | |||
| Exemplary modela | 3.79 | 4.78 | 5.57 |
| Ind. considerationa | 3.26 | 4.39 | 5.40 |
| Insp. and motiv.a | 2.72 | 4.30 | 5.33 |
| Envir. monit.b | 2.76 | 3.82 | 4.54 |
| Strategyb | 2.96 | 3.72 | 4.53 |
| Path-goal fac.b | 2.52 | 3.40 | 4.48 |
| Outcome monit.b | 2.53 | 3.71 | 4.63 |
| Time 2 | Leadership profiles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Lower leadership ratings ( | 2. Medium leadership ratings ( | 3. Higher leadership ratings ( | |
| Exemplary modela | 3.79 | 4.78 | 5.57 |
| Ind. considerationa | 3.26 | 4.39 | 5.40 |
| Insp. and motiv.a | 2.72 | 4.30 | 5.33 |
| Envir. monit.b | 2.76 | 3.82 | 4.54 |
| Strategyb | 2.96 | 3.72 | 4.53 |
| Path-goal fac.b | 2.52 | 3.40 | 4.48 |
| Outcome monit.b | 2.53 | 3.71 | 4.63 |
| Time 3 | Leadership profiles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Lower leadership ratings (n = 68) | 2. Medium leadership ratings (n = 203) | 3. Higher leadership ratings (n = 195) | |
| Leadership scales | |||
| Exemplary modela | 3.73 | 4.88 | 5.62 |
| Ind. considerationa | 3.20 | 4.56 | 5.52 |
| Insp. and motiv.a | 2.87 | 4.43 | 5.46 |
| Envir. monit.b | 3.10 | 3.85 | 4.62 |
| Strategyb | 2.88 | 3.79 | 4.62 |
| Path-goal fac.b | 2.65 | 3.63 | 4.57 |
| Outcome monit.b | 2.74 | 3.78 | 4.61 |
| Time 3 | Leadership profiles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Lower leadership ratings ( | 2. Medium leadership ratings ( | 3. Higher leadership ratings ( | |
| Exemplary modela | 3.73 | 4.88 | 5.62 |
| Ind. considerationa | 3.20 | 4.56 | 5.52 |
| Insp. and motiv.a | 2.87 | 4.43 | 5.46 |
| Envir. monit.b | 3.10 | 3.85 | 4.62 |
| Strategyb | 2.88 | 3.79 | 4.62 |
| Path-goal fac.b | 2.65 | 3.63 | 4.57 |
| Outcome monit.b | 2.74 | 3.78 | 4.61 |
Note(s): aScores could range from 1 (never/almost never) to 6 (very often/always). bScores could range from 1 (never/almost never) to 5 (very often/always)
Source(s): Authors' own creation/work