Table 4

Leadership profiles – mean scores

Time 1Leadership profiles
1. Lower leadership ratings (n = 96)2. Medium leadership ratings (n = 299)3. Higher leadership ratings (n = 256)
Leadership scales
Exemplary modela4.005.105.67
Ind. considerationa3.404.585.52
Insp. and motiv.a2.834.445.48
Envir. monit.b3.243.924.71
Strategyb3.213.854.63
Path-goal fac.b2.703.654.54
Outcome monit.b2.793.894.73
Time 2Leadership profiles
1. Lower leadership ratings (n = 63)2. Medium leadership ratings (n = 203)3. Higher leadership ratings (n = 214)
Leadership scales
Exemplary modela3.794.785.57
Ind. considerationa3.264.395.40
Insp. and motiv.a2.724.305.33
Envir. monit.b2.763.824.54
Strategyb2.963.724.53
Path-goal fac.b2.523.404.48
Outcome monit.b2.533.714.63
Time 3Leadership profiles
1. Lower leadership ratings (n = 68)2. Medium leadership ratings (n = 203)3. Higher leadership ratings (n = 195)
Leadership scales
Exemplary modela3.734.885.62
Ind. considerationa3.204.565.52
Insp. and motiv.a2.874.435.46
Envir. monit.b3.103.854.62
Strategyb2.883.794.62
Path-goal fac.b2.653.634.57
Outcome monit.b2.743.784.61

Note(s): aScores could range from 1 (never/almost never) to 6 (very often/always). bScores could range from 1 (never/almost never) to 5 (very often/always)

Source(s): Authors' own creation/work

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