Table 2

Indirect effects

RelationEstimateSEp value95% Cl
FC T1 → LF T2
Total−0.0060.0470.903[−0.096, 0.085]
Direct−0.0500.0480.293[−0.140, 0.045]
Indirect (RC T2)0.0520.0160.004[0.017, 0.079]
Sensitivity Analyses
Indirect (RC T2) with XM interaction0.0490.0190.008[0.020, 0.095]
Indirect (RC T2) based on factor scores on factor scores0.0520.0130.000[0.029, 0.079]
IPC T1 → LF T2
Total−0.1060.0460.000[−0.196, −0.013]
Direct0.0230.0570.679[−0.082, 0.135]
Indirect (RC T2)−0.1290.0300.000[−0.195, −0.074]
Sensitivity analyses
Indirect (RC T2) with XM interaction−0.1330.0340.000[−0.214, −0.075]
Indirect (RC T2) based on factor scores on factor scores−0.1820.0350.000[−0.255, −0.117]

Note(s): N = 767, FC = Frequency of change, IPC = Involvement in change planning, RC = Role clarity, LF = Laissez-faire leadership. T1 = Time 1 (baseline), T2 = Time 2 (follow-up)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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