Table A1

CFA results for Model 1 and Model_subgroups

Type of analysisModel 1Model 1_subgroups
Size of organizationYears of experience as organization’s head manager
Total sample N = 400Micro n = 132<Small n = 157<Medium n = 94<Large n = 17<>1 year n = 20<1–2 years n = 49<3–5 years n = 108<6–10 years n = 117<11–20 Years n = 65<21< years n = 41<
Covariances
Redundancy ⇔ Small stressor inducement2.985*** (0.296)4.894*** (0.765)1.544*** (0.306)2.492*** (0.489)3.192 (1.521)5.985 (2.350)2.911*** (0.905)2.041*** (0.449)2.269 (0.418)2.584*** (0.692)3.892 (1.102)
Redundancy ⇔ Non-linear responses1.680*** (0.187)2.109*** (0.402)1.140*** (0.222)1.880*** (0.381)1.812 (0.907)1.429 (0.747)1.999*** (0.613)1.753*** (0.369)1.488 (0.288)1.453*** (0.400)1.108 (0.431)
Redundancy ⇔ Diversity of responses1.485*** (0.188)2.085*** (0.429)0.753*** (0.200)1.501*** (0.365)3.091 (1.284)0.339 (0.570)1.400** (0.542)1.126*** (0.332)1.225 (0.299)1.559*** (0.466)1.812 (0.557)
Redundancy ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.357*** (0.163)1.990*** (0.381)0.965*** (0.185)0.924*** (0.307)1.564 (0.713)2.533 (1.034)1.250** (0.499)1.335*** (0.294)0.934 (0.219)1.295*** (0.428)0.614** (0.295)
Small stressor inducement ⇔ Non-linear responses1.496*** (0.225)2.136*** (0.490)0.884*** (0.283)1.765*** (0.433)2.023 (1.304)1.889 (0.996)1.418** (0.722)1.523*** (0.426)1.625 (0.355)1.404*** (0.489)1.499** (0.626)
Small stressor inducement ⇔ Diversity of responses2.060*** (0.249)3.209*** (0.590)0.965*** (0.288)1.950*** (0.451)3.396 (1.801)0.386 (0.652)2.341*** (0.797)1.854*** (0.438)1.734 (0.401)2.367*** (0.635)2.015*** (0.757)
Small stressor inducement ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.681*** (0.209)2.709*** (0.497)0.852*** (0.238)1.732*** (0.399)0.798 (0.904)2.271 (1.134)1.688** (0.655)1.679*** (0.366)1.188 (0.286)1.990*** (0.581)0.875** (0.439)
Non-linear responses ⇔ Diversity of responses1.631*** (0.176)1.756*** (0.331)1.629*** (0.258)1.488*** (0.351)0.680 (1.004)0.168 (0.282)1.529** (0.528)1.778*** (0.371)1.330 (0.291)1.756*** (0.409)1.573 (0.412)
Non-linear responses ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.505*** (0.151)1.928*** (0.309)1.366*** (0.209)0.881*** (0.291)1.652 (0.736)0.527 (0.356)1.610 (0.483)1.698*** (0.318)1.048 (0.215)1.555*** (0.375)0.563*** (0.214)
Diversity of responses ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.628*** (0.166)2.001*** (0.347)1.409*** (0.219)1.431*** (0.325)0.858 (0.793)0.119 (0.204)1.503*** (0.497)1.659*** (0.318)1.511 (0.281)2.234*** (0.472)0.536** (0.241)
Regression weights non-standardized
RED_3 ⇐ Redundancy1.0001.0001.0001.0001,0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
RED_2 ⇐ Redundancy0.967*** (0.035)0.951*** (0.036)1.079*** (0.106)0.937*** (0.051)0.791*** (0.215)0.912*** (0.123)1.011*** (0.92)0.928*** (0.81)1.031*** (0.081)0.920*** (0.051)1.125*** (0.094)
RED_1 ⇐ Redundancy1.032*** (0.042)0.985*** (0.053)1.117*** (0.117)1.010*** (0.068)1.253*** (0.218)0.853*** (0.128)0.835*** (0.140)1.054*** (0.094)1.176*** (0.090)0.959*** (0.083)1.160*** (0.113)
SSI_3 ⇐ Small stressor inducement1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
SSI_2 ⇐ Small stressor inducement0.927*** (0.024)0.906*** (0.028)0.958*** (0.050)0.898*** (0.053)1.023*** (0.147)0.937*** (0.063)1.038*** (0.065)0.884*** (0.053)0.869*** (0.056)0.901*** (0.052)0.946*** (0.045)
SSI_1 ⇐ Small stressor inducement0.935*** (0.028)0.966*** (0.031)0.939*** (0.055)0.862*** (0.070)0.813*** (0.149)0.832*** (0.062)0.974*** (0.083)0.884*** (0.059)0.988*** (0.066)0.942*** (0.058)0.855*** (0.063)
NLR_3 ⇐ Non-linear responses1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
NLR_2 ⇐ Non-linear responses0.966*** (0.037)0.972*** (0.055)0.975*** (0.069)0.872*** (0.067)0.899*** (0.119)0.027 (0.133)0.863*** (0.082)0.905*** (0.059)0.926*** (0.081)1.188*** (0.118)1.008*** (0.102)
NLR_1 ⇐ Non-linear responses0.896*** (0.041)0.913*** (0.065)0.953*** (0.074)0.754*** (0.073)0.819*** (0.132)0.031 (0.154)0.979*** (0.107)0.778*** (0.071)0.882*** (0.092)1.130*** (0.107)1.041*** (0.119)
DoR_3 ⇐ Diversity of responses1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
DoR_2 ⇐ Diversity of responses0.965*** (0.057)1.175*** (0.109)0.796*** (0.081)0.894*** (0.109)0.236 (0.178)10.777 (17.478)1.150*** (0.280)0.813*** (0.087)0.876*** (0.100)0.958*** (0.057)0.950*** (0.060)
DoR_1 ⇐ Diversity of responses1.003*** (0.059)1.042*** (0.106)0.979*** (0.085)1.022*** (0.121)0.594*** (0.169)6.717 (10.782)1.363*** (0.310)0.840*** (0.087)0.913*** (0.103)0.918*** (0.065)0.706*** (0.116)
CfEB_3 ⇐ Capacity for emergent behavior1.0001.0001.0001.00010,0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
behavior1.017*** (0.050)0.988*** (0.081)1.084*** (0.091)0.928*** (0.103)0.876*** (0.136)0.056 (0.343)0.968*** (0.148)1.133*** (0.109)0.976*** (0.114)0.970*** (0.072)1.139*** (0.088)
CfEB_1 ⇐ Capacity for emergent behavior1.013*** (0.048)1.074*** (0.078)1.119*** (0.087)0.852*** (0.093)0.564*** (0.174)1.258*** (0.355)0.796*** (0.140)1,057*** (0.096)1.140*** (0.120)0.936*** (0.078)1.004*** (0.119)
Type of analysisModel 1_subgroups
Gender of the head managerNUTS level 2
Female n = 207<Male n = 193<Capital region n = 174<Central and Western Lithuania region n = 226<
Covariances
Redundancy ⇔ Small stressor inducement2.926*** (0.386)3.060*** (0.449)2.326*** (0.391)3.454*** (0.431)
Redundancy ⇔ Non-linear responses1.629*** (0.241)1.687*** (0.282)1.394*** (0.245)1.890*** (0.273)
Redundancy ⇔ Diversity of responses1.295*** (0.233)1.636*** (0.295)1.304*** (0.263)1.647*** (0.265)
Redundancy ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.357*** (0.216)1.318*** (0.240)1.100*** (0.214)1.552*** (0.238)
Small stressor inducement ⇔ Non-linear responses1.471*** (0.291)1.514*** (0.346)1.507*** (0.312)1.492*** (0.317)
Small stressor inducement ⇔ Diversity of responses1.854*** (0.315)2.266*** (0.392)2.015*** (0.364)2.106*** (0.339)
Small stressor inducement ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.638*** (0.278)1.711*** (0.314)1.455*** (0.283)1.852*** (0.300)
Non-linear responses ⇔ Diversity of responses1.103*** (0.200)2.176*** (0.299)1.652*** (0.255)1.619*** (0.241)
Non-linear responses ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.237*** (0.189)1.775*** (0.240)1.500*** (0.208)1.516*** (0.214)
Diversity of responses ⇔ Capacity for emergent behavior1.389*** (0.209)1.847*** (0.260)1.648*** (0.243)1.607*** (0.225)
Regression weights non-standardized
RED_3 ⇐ Redundancy1.0001.0001.0001.000
RED_2 ⇐ Redundancy0.988*** (0.044)0.946*** (0.056)0.946*** (0.050)0.976*** (0.048)
RED_1 ⇐ Redundancy0.975*** (0.051)1.074*** (0.068)0.951*** (0.061)1.077*** (0.056)
SSI_3 ⇐ Small stressor inducement1.0001.0001.0001.000
SSI_2 ⇐ Small stressor inducement0.959*** (0.035)0.896*** (0.032)0.903*** (0.037)0.940*** (0.031)
SSI_1 ⇐ Small stressor inducement0.938*** (0.042)0.929*** (0.037)0.920*** (0.045)0.942*** (0.035)
NLR_3 ⇐ Non-linear responses1.0001.0001.0001.000
NLR_2 ⇐ Non-linear responses0.989*** (0.056)0.950*** (0.049)0.944*** (0.054)0.975*** (0.049)
NLR_1 ⇐ Non-linear responses0.882*** (0.060)0.907*** (0.056)0.819*** (0.061)0.941*** (0.054)
DoR_3 ⇐ Diversity of responses1.0001.0001.0001.000
DoR_2 ⇐ Diversity of responses0.980*** (0.094)0.963*** (0.070)0.883*** (0.077)1.033*** (0.082)
DoR_1 ⇐ Diversity of responses1.081*** (0.104)0.959*** (0.070)1.034*** (0.086)0.988*** (0.081)
CfEB_3 ⇐ Capacity for emergent behavior1.0001.0001.0001.000
behavior0.945*** (0.067)1.080*** (0.076)1.022*** (0.079)1.014*** (0.065)
CfEB_1 ⇐ Capacity for emergent behavior1.027*** (0.067)1.003*** (0.068)1.058*** (0.074)0.989*** (0.062)

Note(s): Standard errors are presented in parentheses. *, **, and *** indicate significance at the 10, 5, and 1 percent levels, respectively

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