Types of technologies 4.0 – Type of risks (physical, psychological and behavioral)
Type of technologies or technology 4.0 | Types of risk to workers | ||
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| Physical | Psychological (cognitive, emotional) | Behavioral (social) | |
| Material processing Automated guided vehicles (AGV), robots, cobots, computerized numerical control (CNC) and digital manufacturing |
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| Information processing AI, Big data, cloud computing, digital twin and smart wearables |
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| Worker processing AR/VR/XR, exoskeletons and human-systems integration |
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| Other integrated technologies – Internet of Things (IoT) |
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| Types of risk to workers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical | Psychological (cognitive, emotional) | Behavioral (social) | |
Musculoskeletal complaints and disorders ( Accidents and death if security breached, i.e. hacking ( Decreased perceived safety ( High noise exposure ( | Fear of job loss (i.e., job insecurity) ( Cognitive overload and fatigue ( Mental underload ( Lack of perceptual awareness ( Decreased organizational commitment ( Decreased job satisfaction ( Mental stress (cynicism, depression, helplessness, worthlessness, worry, distress) ( Mental health problems ( Low life satisfaction ( Fear for data privacy violations ( | Social isolation ( Loss of autonomy ( Increased dependence on technology ( Increased workload ( Decreased work performance ( Higher turnover intentions ( Absenteeism ( | |
Physical discomfort ( | Cognitive overload ( Separation anxiety ( Technostress ( Decreased organizational commitment ( Decreased job satisfaction ( Fear of privacy violations of personal data ( | Social isolation ( Loss of autonomy and control ( Addiction/Dependence on technology ( Absenteeism ( | |
Physical discomfort ( Limited field of vision ( | Cognitive overload ( Information-processing overload ( Problem-solving difficulties ( Decreased sense of responsibility (sense of accountability to work) ( | Loss of autonomy ( Passive worker role ( Reduced work productivity ( | |
Cyber risks that can lead to malfunctioning and worker accidents/deaths ( | Fear of data privacy violations ( | Not identified | |
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