Table 4 Path analysis summary in PLS-SEM... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Path analysis summary in PLS-SEM for EB and company performance results in innovativeness

HQS in the non-crisis time						HQS in the crisis time
Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²	Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²
EB → Innovativeness	0.12	1.52	>0.05	–	0.59	EB → Innovativeness	0.13	2.50	<0.05	[0.03; 0.24]	0.64
EB → HRM (α)	0.67	11.93	<0.001	[0.56; 0.77]	0.44	EB → HRM (α)	0.70	13.69	<0.001	[0.60; 0.80]	0.50
HRM → Innovativeness	0.68	9.70	<0.001	[0.55; 0.82]	–	HRM → Innovativeness	0.70	10.87	<0.001	[0.58; 0.83]	–
Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.45	7.11	<0.001	[0.33; 0.58]	–	Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.50	8.63	<0.001	[0.38; 0.61]	–

HQS in the non-crisis time						HQS in the crisis time
Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²	Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²
EB → Innovativeness	0.12	1.52	>0.05	–	0.59	EB → Innovativeness	0.13	2.50	<0.05	[0.03; 0.24]	0.64
EB → HRM (α)	0.67	11.93	<0.001	[0.56; 0.77]	0.44	EB → HRM (α)	0.70	13.69	<0.001	[0.60; 0.80]	0.50
HRM → Innovativeness	0.68	9.70	<0.001	[0.55; 0.82]	–	HRM → Innovativeness	0.70	10.87	<0.001	[0.58; 0.83]	–
Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.45	7.11	<0.001	[0.33; 0.58]	–	Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.50	8.63	<0.001	[0.38; 0.61]	–

Foreign subsidiaries in the non-crisis time						Foreign subsidiaries in crisis time
Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²	Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²
EB → Innovativeness	0.02	0.23	>0.05	–	0.46	EB → Innovativeness	0.07	1.03	>0.05	–	0.71
EB → HRM (α)	0.61	8.27	<0.001	[0.46; 0.75]	0.37	EB → HRM (α)	0.71	11.36	<0.001	[0.58; 0.83]	0.50
HRM → Innovativeness	0.66	6.52	<0.001	[0.46; 0.86]	–	HRM → Innovativeness	0.79	14.77	<0.001	[0.69; 0.90]	–
Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.40	6.17	<0.001	[0.27; 0.53]	–	Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.56	8.22	<0.001	[0.43; 0.69]	–

Foreign subsidiaries in the non-crisis time						Foreign subsidiaries in crisis time
Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²	Variables in paths	β	Z	p	95%CI	R²
EB → Innovativeness	0.02	0.23	>0.05	–	0.46	EB → Innovativeness	0.07	1.03	>0.05	–	0.71
EB → HRM (α)	0.61	8.27	<0.001	[0.46; 0.75]	0.37	EB → HRM (α)	0.71	11.36	<0.001	[0.58; 0.83]	0.50
HRM → Innovativeness	0.66	6.52	<0.001	[0.46; 0.86]	–	HRM → Innovativeness	0.79	14.77	<0.001	[0.69; 0.90]	–
Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.40	6.17	<0.001	[0.27; 0.53]	–	Mediation effect of HRM (αβ)	0.56	8.22	<0.001	[0.43; 0.69]	–

Note(s): All variables modified by the efficiency ratio (employee KPIs)

Source(s): Own empirical research