Table 4 Association between... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Association between sociodemographic factors and consumers pre- and post-pandemic food safety knowledge scores

	Pre-pandemic		Post-pandemic
Sociodemographic factors	U/H	Mean rank	U/H	Mean rank
Age in years^b	χ² (3) = 25.96	p < 0.001	χ² (3) = 28.27	p < 0.001
18–29		250.16		247.55
30–39		251.31		259.68
40–49		225.01		216.76
50 and above		361.50		356.95
Gender^a	Z = −3.79	p < 0.001	Z = −2.80	p < 0.01
Male		326.52		306.95
Female		243.96		246.07
Education^a	Z = −15.25	p < 0.001	Z = −12.99	p < 0.001
Primary/secondary		156.53		170.71
University (Bachelor/Masters/above)		353.34		338.29
Number of persons in family^a	χ² (2) = −9.89	p < 0.001	Z = −8.95	p < 0.001
Up to 5		311.76		306.01
6 and more		183.85		190.40
Number of children in family^b	χ² (2) = 75.09	p < 0.001	χ² (2) = 71.02	p < 0.001
0–1		267.89		296.39
2–3		273.35		259.74
4 and more		94.22		105.13
Residency place^a	Z = −15.39	p < 0.001	Z = −12.76	p < 0.001
Urban		350.72		333.75
Rural		152.10		169.27

	Pre-pandemic		Post-pandemic
Sociodemographic factors	U/H	Mean rank	U/H	Mean rank
Age in years^b	χ² (3) = 25.96	p < 0.001	χ² (3) = 28.27	p < 0.001
18–29		250.16		247.55
30–39		251.31		259.68
40–49		225.01		216.76
50 and above		361.50		356.95
Gender^a	Z = −3.79	p < 0.001	Z = −2.80	p < 0.01
Male		326.52		306.95
Female		243.96		246.07
Education^a	Z = −15.25	p < 0.001	Z = −12.99	p < 0.001
Primary/secondary		156.53		170.71
University (Bachelor/Masters/above)		353.34		338.29
Number of persons in family^a	χ² (2) = −9.89	p < 0.001	Z = −8.95	p < 0.001
Up to 5		311.76		306.01
6 and more		183.85		190.40
Number of children in family^b	χ² (2) = 75.09	p < 0.001	χ² (2) = 71.02	p < 0.001
0–1		267.89		296.39
2–3		273.35		259.74
4 and more		94.22		105.13
Residency place^a	Z = −15.39	p < 0.001	Z = −12.76	p < 0.001
Urban		350.72		333.75
Rural		152.10		169.27

Note(s): p < 0.001, p < 0.01; a = Mann–Whitney U test and b = Kruskal–Wallis H test

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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