Operationalization of the constructs
| Sl No. | Items | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Technological limitations (TL) | TL1: The need for real-time data integration is a challenge for the firm | Dwivedi et al. (2022), Mozumder et al. (2022), Queiroz et al. (2023) |
| TL2: The need for real-time data processing is a challenge for the firm | ||
| TL3: We do not have the capability for constant monitoring of data from various sources (e.g. inventory levels, delivery times and production schedules) | ||
| TL4: We do not have the capability for constant analysis of data from various sources (e.g. inventory levels, delivery times and production schedules) | ||
| Lack of governance and standardization (LGS) | LGS1: There is no agreed-upon standard for metaverse implementation | |
| LGS2: There is no agreed-upon standard for established rules for metaverse platform governance | ||
| LGS3: Different metaverse platforms and systems (protocols, interfaces and data formats, making) challenging to share information between them | ||
| LGS4: Different platforms create silos of information that can hinder collaboration and coordination across the supply chain network | ||
| Integration challenges (IC) | IC1: Supply chain systems are often developed separately | |
| IC2: Supply chain systems using different technologies and standards can be difficult to manage | ||
| IC3: Supply chain processes are implemented separately | ||
| IC4: Integrating the metaverse into these existing systems can be challenging, as it requires bridging the gap between the virtual and physical worlds | ||
| Poor diffusion through the network (PN) | PN1: Metaverse is a new and emerging technology that is still in its early stages of development | |
| PN2: There is limited awareness of the technology and many potential users may be hesitant to adopt it | ||
| PN3: There is a limited understanding of the technology, and many potential users may be hesitant to adopt it | ||
| PN4: There are fewer users to spread the technology and its benefits | ||
| PN5: Low awareness levels can lead to poor diffusion through the network | ||
| Traditional organization culture (TOC) | TOC1: Traditional organizational cultures may not be conducive to the experimentation | |
| TOC2: Traditional organizational cultures may require risk-taking to implement the metaverse in supply chain management | ||
| TOC3: A culture of collaboration and open communication, which may not exist in traditional organizations with rigid hierarchies and siloed departments | ||
| Lack of stakeholder commitment (LSC) | LSC1: There is a lack of collaboration from various stakeholders, including supply chain managers, IT professionals and end-users | |
| LSC2: The stakeholders are not committed to the project's success | ||
| LSC3: Metaverse is a new and emerging technology, and many stakeholders are uncertain about the benefits and potential returns on investment | ||
| LC1: Metaverse requires collaboration between different technology domains, including virtual reality, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, which is missing | ||
| Lack of collaboration (LC) | ||
| LC2: It can be challenging to effectively implement the metaverse in supply chain management | ||
| LC3: Stakeholders lack the necessary expertise | ||
| LC4: Stakeholders lack the necessary knowledge in these domains | ||
| Low perception of value by customers (CP) | LVC1: Customers are hesitant to invest in the necessary technology infrastructure | |
| LVC2: Customers are hesitant to effectively implement the metaverse in supply chain management | ||
| LVC3: Customers perceive the metaverse as a novelty technology that has limited practical value for their business needs, which has limited their interest in adopting the technology | ||
| Failure to metaverse technology implementation for SCM (MSCN) | MSCN1: Failed to define the goals and objectives of the project | |
| MSCN2: Failed to assess the technological readiness of the organization's infrastructure to support the metaverse technology | ||
| MSCN3: Failed the organization can develop a roadmap for the implementation of the metaverse technology | ||
| MSCN4: Failed to build the necessary infrastructure to support the metaverse technology | ||
| MSCN5: Failed to test and validate the metaverse technology in a controlled environment |
| Sl No. | Items | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Technological limitations (TL) | TL1: The need for real-time data integration is a challenge for the firm | |
| TL2: The need for real-time data processing is a challenge for the firm | ||
| TL3: We do not have the capability for constant monitoring of data from various sources (e.g. inventory levels, delivery times and production schedules) | ||
| TL4: We do not have the capability for constant analysis of data from various sources (e.g. inventory levels, delivery times and production schedules) | ||
| Lack of governance and standardization (LGS) | LGS1: There is no agreed-upon standard for metaverse implementation | |
| LGS2: There is no agreed-upon standard for established rules for metaverse platform governance | ||
| LGS3: Different metaverse platforms and systems (protocols, interfaces and data formats, making) challenging to share information between them | ||
| LGS4: Different platforms create silos of information that can hinder collaboration and coordination across the supply chain network | ||
| Integration challenges (IC) | IC1: Supply chain systems are often developed separately | |
| IC2: Supply chain systems using different technologies and standards can be difficult to manage | ||
| IC3: Supply chain processes are implemented separately | ||
| IC4: Integrating the metaverse into these existing systems can be challenging, as it requires bridging the gap between the virtual and physical worlds | ||
| Poor diffusion through the network (PN) | PN1: Metaverse is a new and emerging technology that is still in its early stages of development | |
| PN2: There is limited awareness of the technology and many potential users may be hesitant to adopt it | ||
| PN3: There is a limited understanding of the technology, and many potential users may be hesitant to adopt it | ||
| PN4: There are fewer users to spread the technology and its benefits | ||
| PN5: Low awareness levels can lead to poor diffusion through the network | ||
| Traditional organization culture (TOC) | TOC1: Traditional organizational cultures may not be conducive to the experimentation | |
| TOC2: Traditional organizational cultures may require risk-taking to implement the metaverse in supply chain management | ||
| TOC3: A culture of collaboration and open communication, which may not exist in traditional organizations with rigid hierarchies and siloed departments | ||
| Lack of stakeholder commitment (LSC) | LSC1: There is a lack of collaboration from various stakeholders, including supply chain managers, IT professionals and end-users | |
| LSC2: The stakeholders are not committed to the project's success | ||
| LSC3: Metaverse is a new and emerging technology, and many stakeholders are uncertain about the benefits and potential returns on investment | ||
| LC1: Metaverse requires collaboration between different technology domains, including virtual reality, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, which is missing | ||
| Lack of collaboration (LC) | ||
| LC2: It can be challenging to effectively implement the metaverse in supply chain management | ||
| LC3: Stakeholders lack the necessary expertise | ||
| LC4: Stakeholders lack the necessary knowledge in these domains | ||
| Low perception of value by customers (CP) | LVC1: Customers are hesitant to invest in the necessary technology infrastructure | |
| LVC2: Customers are hesitant to effectively implement the metaverse in supply chain management | ||
| LVC3: Customers perceive the metaverse as a novelty technology that has limited practical value for their business needs, which has limited their interest in adopting the technology | ||
| Failure to metaverse technology implementation for SCM (MSCN) | MSCN1: Failed to define the goals and objectives of the project | |
| MSCN2: Failed to assess the technological readiness of the organization's infrastructure to support the metaverse technology | ||
| MSCN3: Failed the organization can develop a roadmap for the implementation of the metaverse technology | ||
| MSCN4: Failed to build the necessary infrastructure to support the metaverse technology | ||
| MSCN5: Failed to test and validate the metaverse technology in a controlled environment |
Source(s): Authors own