Table 5 Comparison of subgroup... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

Comparison of subgroup assessments of future importance of skills

Skill groups	Educational level									Work experience
	Upper secondary or vocational		Bachelor level		Master level		ANOVA			≤10 years		11–20 years		>20 years		ANOVA
	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	F(df)	p	Effect size (η²)	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	F(df)	p	Effect size (η²)
Technical accounting skills	4.47 ± 0.66	82	4.52 ± 0.52	116	4.14 ± 0.52	165	F(2, 360) = 18.38	<0.0001**	0.093	4.42 ± 0.64	76	4.40 ± 0.50	103	4.25 ± 0.59	188	F(2, 364) = 3.47	0.032*	0.019
Management accounting skills	4.09 ± 0.84	80	4.26 ± 0.76	118	4.19 ± 0.61	164	F(2, 359) = 1.33	0.266	0.007	4.25 ± 0.77	76	4.21 ± 0.70	104	4.15 ± 0.70	186	F(2, 363) = 0.65	0.522	0.004
IT skills	3.67 ± 0.79	79	3.75 ± 0.74	117	3.64 ± 0.67	157	F(2, 350) = 0.85	0.427	0.005	3.96 ± 0.78	74	3.80 ± 0.61	99	3.51 ± 0.71	184	F(2, 354) = 12.99	<0.0001**	0.068
Intellectual skills	4.32 ± 0.68	78	4.39 ± 0.53	117	4.25 ± 0.54	163	F(2, 355) = 2.10	0.124	0.012	4.39 ± 0.63	75	4.44 ± 0.46	100	4.20 ± 0.58	187	F(2, 359) = 6.95	0.001**	0.037
Communication and social skills	4.39 ± 0.67	77	4.34 ± 0.54	116	4.00 ± 0.58	167	F(2, 357) = 17.07	<0.0001**	0.087	4.32 ± 0.64	76	4.26 ± 0.58	101	4.09 ± 0.61	187	F(2, 361) = 4.75	0.009**	0.026

Skill groups	Educational level									Work experience
	Upper secondary or vocational		Bachelor level		Master level		ANOVA			≤10 years		11–20 years		>20 years		ANOVA
	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	F(df)	p	Effect size (η²)	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	M ± SD	n	F(df)	p	Effect size (η²)
Technical accounting skills	4.47 ± 0.66	82	4.52 ± 0.52	116	4.14 ± 0.52	165	F(2, 360) = 18.38	<0.0001**	0.093	4.42 ± 0.64	76	4.40 ± 0.50	103	4.25 ± 0.59	188	F(2, 364) = 3.47	0.032*	0.019
Management accounting skills	4.09 ± 0.84	80	4.26 ± 0.76	118	4.19 ± 0.61	164	F(2, 359) = 1.33	0.266	0.007	4.25 ± 0.77	76	4.21 ± 0.70	104	4.15 ± 0.70	186	F(2, 363) = 0.65	0.522	0.004
IT skills	3.67 ± 0.79	79	3.75 ± 0.74	117	3.64 ± 0.67	157	F(2, 350) = 0.85	0.427	0.005	3.96 ± 0.78	74	3.80 ± 0.61	99	3.51 ± 0.71	184	F(2, 354) = 12.99	<0.0001**	0.068
Intellectual skills	4.32 ± 0.68	78	4.39 ± 0.53	117	4.25 ± 0.54	163	F(2, 355) = 2.10	0.124	0.012	4.39 ± 0.63	75	4.44 ± 0.46	100	4.20 ± 0.58	187	F(2, 359) = 6.95	0.001**	0.037
Communication and social skills	4.39 ± 0.67	77	4.34 ± 0.54	116	4.00 ± 0.58	167	F(2, 357) = 17.07	<0.0001**	0.087	4.32 ± 0.64	76	4.26 ± 0.58	101	4.09 ± 0.61	187	F(2, 361) = 4.75	0.009**	0.026

Note(s): These tests included the whole dataset. * Significant at the p < 0.05 level, ** significant at the p < 0.01 level

Source(s): Authors’ own work