Table A1 Scale items questionnaire Scale...

Table A1

Scale items questionnaire

Scale	Item	Adapted from
EORisk_1	We encourage people in our company to take risks with new ideas	Eggers et al. (2013)
EORisk_2	We value new strategies/plans even if we are not certain that they will always work
EORisk_3	To make effective changes to our offering, we are willing to accept at least a moderate level of risk of significant losses
EORisk_4	We engage in risky investments (e.g. new employees, facilities, debt, stock options) to stimulate future growth
EOPro 1	We consistently look for new business opportunities
EOPro_2	Our marketing efforts try to lead customers rather than respond to them
EOPro_3	We work to find new businesses or markets to target
EOPro_4	We incorporate solutions to unarticulated customers’ needs in our products and services
EOPro_5	We continuously try to discover additional needs of our customers of which they are unaware
EOInno_1	We highly value new product lines
EOInno_2	When it comes to problem solving, we value creative new solutions more than solutions that rely on conventional wisdom
EOInno_3	We consider ourselves as an innovative company
EOInno_4	Our business is often the first to market with new products and services
EOInno_5	Competitors in this market recognize us as leaders in innovation
TechR_1	I can usually figure out new hi-tech products and services without help from others	Parasuraman (2000)
TechR_2R	New technology is often too complicated to be useful
TechR_3	I like the idea of doing business via computers because you are not limited to regular business hours
TechR_4R	When I get technical support from a provider of a high-tech product or service, I sometimes feel as if I’m being taken advantage of by someone who knows more than I do
TechR_5	Technology gives people more control over their daily lives
TechR_6R	I do not consider it safe giving out credit card information over a computer
TechR_7	In general, I am among the first in my circle of friends to acquire new technology when it appears
TechR_8R	I do not feel confident doing business with a place that can only be reached online
TechR_9	Technology makes me more efficient in my occupation
TechR_10R	If you provide information to a machine or over the internet, you can never be sure if it really gets to the right place
DigiS_1	Our company has implemented a digitalization strategy	Rossman (2018)
DigiS_2	The digitalization strategy of our company is documented and communicated
DigiS_3	The digital strategy of our company has a significant influence on existing business and operating models
DigiS_4	The digital strategy is being continuously evaluated and adapted

Scale	Item	Adapted from
EORisk_1	We encourage people in our company to take risks with new ideas	Eggers et al. (2013)
EORisk_2	We value new strategies/plans even if we are not certain that they will always work
EORisk_3	To make effective changes to our offering, we are willing to accept at least a moderate level of risk of significant losses
EORisk_4	We engage in risky investments (e.g. new employees, facilities, debt, stock options) to stimulate future growth
EOPro 1	We consistently look for new business opportunities
EOPro_2	Our marketing efforts try to lead customers rather than respond to them
EOPro_3	We work to find new businesses or markets to target
EOPro_4	We incorporate solutions to unarticulated customers’ needs in our products and services
EOPro_5	We continuously try to discover additional needs of our customers of which they are unaware
EOInno_1	We highly value new product lines
EOInno_2	When it comes to problem solving, we value creative new solutions more than solutions that rely on conventional wisdom
EOInno_3	We consider ourselves as an innovative company
EOInno_4	Our business is often the first to market with new products and services
EOInno_5	Competitors in this market recognize us as leaders in innovation
TechR_1	I can usually figure out new hi-tech products and services without help from others	Parasuraman (2000)
TechR_2R	New technology is often too complicated to be useful
TechR_3	I like the idea of doing business via computers because you are not limited to regular business hours
TechR_4R	When I get technical support from a provider of a high-tech product or service, I sometimes feel as if I’m being taken advantage of by someone who knows more than I do
TechR_5	Technology gives people more control over their daily lives
TechR_6R	I do not consider it safe giving out credit card information over a computer
TechR_7	In general, I am among the first in my circle of friends to acquire new technology when it appears
TechR_8R	I do not feel confident doing business with a place that can only be reached online
TechR_9	Technology makes me more efficient in my occupation
TechR_10R	If you provide information to a machine or over the internet, you can never be sure if it really gets to the right place
DigiS_1	Our company has implemented a digitalization strategy	Rossman (2018)
DigiS_2	The digitalization strategy of our company is documented and communicated
DigiS_3	The digital strategy of our company has a significant influence on existing business and operating models
DigiS_4	The digital strategy is being continuously evaluated and adapted

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