Table 1 Process of sample selection...

Table 1

Process of sample selection

Stages	Description	Companies	Observations
1	Time frame (2014–2020)	7 years
2	Total European Listed Companies Operating in the High-Tech sector mined by Refinitiv Eikon – Datastream	1,354	9,478
3	Excluding companies with missing data for the variables of interest	(1,165)	(8,155)
4	Total companies included in our final sample	189	–
5	Total maximum observations of our refined sample		1,323
6	Deletion of missing values	–	(811)
7	Final sample	–	512
Sample Representativeness		–	38.70%^a

Stages	Description	Companies	Observations
1	Time frame (2014–2020)	7 years
2	Total European Listed Companies Operating in the High-Tech sector mined by Refinitiv Eikon – Datastream	1,354	9,478
3	Excluding companies with missing data for the variables of interest	(1,165)	(8,155)
4	Total companies included in our final sample	189	–
5	Total maximum observations of our refined sample		1,323
6	Deletion of missing values	–	(811)
7	Final sample	–	512
Sample Representativeness		–	38.70%^a

Note(s):

The sample representativeness is derived as the ratio of the final sample [Step 7] to the total number of maximum observations [Step 5]. In particular, sample representativeness is equal to 512/1,323*100.

Source(s): Authors’ own work

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable