Table 1. Properties of sand and clay...

Table 1.

Properties of sand and clay used in this study

	Testing method	K3	K4	K5	Kaolinite	Illite	Bentonite
G_s	ASTM D854 (ASTM, 2014)	2·65	2·65	2·65	2·47	2·71	2·12
e_max	ASTM D4253 (ASTM, 2016a)	0·98	0·97	0·96	—	—	—
e_min	ASTM D4254 (ASTM, 2016b)	0·69	0·70	0·71	—	—	—
d₅₀: mm	ASTM D422 (ASTM, 1998)	1·7	1·22	0·83	15·17 × 10⁻³	12·69 × 10⁻³	9·96 × 10⁻³
C_u	—	1·64	1·51	1·79	2·69	2·15	3·77
Roundness	Image analysis	0·71	0·78	0·76	—	—	—
SR_K3	—	—	—	—	112·06	133·96	170·68
SR_K4	—	—	—	—	80·42	96·14	122·49
SR_K5	—	—	—	—	54·71	65·41	83·33

	Testing method	K3	K4	K5	Kaolinite	Illite	Bentonite
G_s	ASTM D854 (ASTM, 2014)	2·65	2·65	2·65	2·47	2·71	2·12
e_max	ASTM D4253 (ASTM, 2016a)	0·98	0·97	0·96	—	—	—
e_min	ASTM D4254 (ASTM, 2016b)	0·69	0·70	0·71	—	—	—
d₅₀: mm	ASTM D422 (ASTM, 1998)	1·7	1·22	0·83	15·17 × 10⁻³	12·69 × 10⁻³	9·96 × 10⁻³
C_u	—	1·64	1·51	1·79	2·69	2·15	3·77
Roundness	Image analysis	0·71	0·78	0·76	—	—	—
SR_K3	—	—	—	—	112·06	133·96	170·68
SR_K4	—	—	—	—	80·42	96·14	122·49
SR_K5	—	—	—	—	54·71	65·41	83·33

Note:

G_s, specific gravity; e_max, maximum void ratio; e_min, minimum void ratio; d₅₀, median grain size; C_u, coefficient of uniformity defined as d₆₀/d₁₀, where d₆₀ and d₁₀ are the diameters corresponding to 60% and 10% finer in the PSDs; SR_K3, SR_K4 and SR_K5 = size ratio between d₅₀ of clay and d₅₀ of K3, K4 and K5 sand, respectively.

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