Table 1 Details of participant... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Details of participant workplaces

Agency type¹	Description	Number of participants
Policy	Agencies involved in the development of public policy	14 - Department of Education, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Department of Health, Department of Social Services, Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Department of Industry, Science and Resources, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts
Smaller operational	Agencies with less than 1,000 employees involved in the implementation of public policy	1 (Agency name withheld for participant anonymity)
Larger operational	Agencies with 1,000 employees or more involved in the implementation of public policy	45 – Australian Taxation Office, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Department of Defence, Department of Home Security, IP Australia, National Disability Insurance Agency, Services Australia
Regulatory	Agencies involved in regulation and inspection	2 (Agency names withheld for participant anonymity)
Specialist	Agencies providing specialist support to government	9 - Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Research Council, Commonwealth Grants Commission, National Health and Medical Research Council
National cultural institutions	Agencies that maintain collections of material and offer public programs relevant to Australia's cultural heritage	1 (Agency name withheld for participant anonymity)
Undisclosed	Participants indicated “Prefer not to say”	11
		Total: 83

Agency type¹	Description	Number of participants
Policy	Agencies involved in the development of public policy	14 - Department of Education, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Department of Health, Department of Social Services, Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, Department of Industry, Science and Resources, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts
Smaller operational	Agencies with less than 1,000 employees involved in the implementation of public policy	1 (Agency name withheld for participant anonymity)
Larger operational	Agencies with 1,000 employees or more involved in the implementation of public policy	45 – Australian Taxation Office, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Department of Defence, Department of Home Security, IP Australia, National Disability Insurance Agency, Services Australia
Regulatory	Agencies involved in regulation and inspection	2 (Agency names withheld for participant anonymity)
Specialist	Agencies providing specialist support to government	9 - Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Research Council, Commonwealth Grants Commission, National Health and Medical Research Council
National cultural institutions	Agencies that maintain collections of material and offer public programs relevant to Australia's cultural heritage	1 (Agency name withheld for participant anonymity)
Undisclosed	Participants indicated “Prefer not to say”	11
		Total: 83

Note(s): ¹ Categorised according to Australian Public Sector Commission's “functional clusters” per 21 October 2025, https://www.apsc.gov.au/aps-agencies-size-and-function

Source(s): Authors’ own work