The activities performed in the L/UL process in Case 1
A table listing steps for loading and unloading pallets, detailing roles and activities involved.The table is organized into 56 sequential logistics activities into six columns: “No.,” “L,” “U L,” “Description of the activity,” “Type of function,” and “Performed by.” Row 1: Column 1: 1. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Steps 1–8 are repeated until the conveyor is fully loaded. Column 5: Blank. Column 6: Blank. Row 2: Column 1: 1. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The 3 P L receives a delivery order from the O E M that is subsequently assigned to operators. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 3: Column 1: 2. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The operator receives and evaluates the picking information for the order. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 4: Column 1: 3. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The operator determines which picking location to go to. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 5: Column 1: 4. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Pallets are retrieved from racking. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 6: Column 1: 5. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Barcodes on the pallets are scanned. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 7: Column 1: 6. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The operator evaluates the pallet weights and whether the correct pallets have been picked. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 8: Column 1: 7. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The operator decides which pallets can be stacked. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 9: Column 1: 8. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The pallets are stacked, and the stacked pallets are placed on the conveyor in the outbound area in a pattern that will secure the pallets on the trailer. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Logistics operators at the 3 P L. Row 10: Column 1: Blank. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Steps 9 to 52 are the same for the loading and unloading except for Steps 30 to 33, which are applied in loading only. Column 5: Blank. Column 6: Blank. Row 11: Column 1: 9. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Once the truck arrives to the facility, the truck driver presents a tag to a reader at the gate to the restricted area surrounding the facility. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Gate control. Row 12: Column 1: 10. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The tag is verified. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Gate control. Row 13: Column 1: 11. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The gate system approves the opening of the gate. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Gate control. Row 14: Column 1: 12. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The gate is opened. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Gate control. Row 15: Column 1: 13. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Information on the assigned loading bay for the delivery is made available to the driver, and the loading bay is monitored for occupancy. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 16: Column 1: 14. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver verifies that the assigned loading bay is correct and unoccupied. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 17: Column 1: 15. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The correct loading bay of the two available bays is selected. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 18: Column 1: 16. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The trailer is aligned with the loading bay and moved in reverse until it stands a few metres from the front of the loading bay. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 19: Column 1: 17. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The outer door of the trailer is opened. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 20: Column 1: 18. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The trailer is docked with the loading bay. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 21: Column 1: 19. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Sensors in the loading bay collect data on trailer–loading bay alignment. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Loading bay sensor. Row 22: Column 1: 20. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The trailer–loading bay alignment is evaluated. If the alignment is sufficient, then a green light is displayed to the driver. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Loading bay sensor. Row 23: Column 1: 21. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The truck driver decides whether the alignment is sufficient. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 24: Column 1: 22. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: When the alignment is sufficient, the trailer is connected to the facility’s power grid. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 25: Column 1: 23. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The height difference between the loading bay and the trailer is observed by the driver. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 26: Column 1: 24. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The height difference is evaluated based on the driver’s past experience. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 27: Column 1: 25. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver determines whether the suspension of the trailer needs to be adjusted. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 28: Column 1: 27. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The suspension of the trailer is adjusted if necessary. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 29: Column 1: 28. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The inner door of the trailer is opened. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 30: Column 1: 29. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The gate of the loading bay is opened by pushing a button inside the facility. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 31: Column 1: 30. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The alignment of the pallets on the conveyor and the load securing are observed. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 32: Column 1: 31. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The alignment and load securing are evaluated based on past experience and whether the pallets have been placed according to the instructions for load securing. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 33: Column 1: 32. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver decides whether there is a risk that the pallets might become stuck during loading and whether the load has been secured. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 34: Column 1: 33. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: A metal bar is used to align the pallets. The pallets are moved to secure the load if necessary. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 35: Column 1: 34. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver monitors the previous steps (i.e., Steps 27 to 33). Column 5: 1. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 36: Column 1: 35. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver verifies that the previous steps (i.e,. Steps 27–33) have been successfully completed. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 37: Column 1: 36. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver decides to start the L over U L. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 38: Column 1: 37. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The conveyor is activated by pushing a button to start the L over U L. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Conveyor. Row 39: Column 1: 38. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The conveyor moves the pallets to or from the trailer. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Conveyor. Row 40: Column 1: 39. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The L over U L is monitored by the driver. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 41: Column 1: 40. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver evaluates the L over U L to ensure that no pallets become stuck. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 42: Column 1: 41. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver decides to stop the L over U L when all pallets have been moved. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 43: Column 1: 42. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The conveyor is deactivated by pushing a button, and the driver prepares for departure (i.e., Steps 43 to 52). After unloading, the pallets are now available for the O E M (i.e,. Steps 53 to 56). Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 44: Column 1: 43. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The gate of the loading bay is closed from inside the facility. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 45: Column 1: 45. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The inner trailer door is closed at the rear of the trailer. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 46: Column 1: 46. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The power supply from the facility is disconnected from the trailer. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 47: Column 1: 47. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The trailer is unocked from the loading bay by driving the truck a few metres forward. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 48: Column 1: 48. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The outer trailer doors are closed. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 49: Column 1: 49. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver monitors how Steps 43 to 48 were performed. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 50: Column 1: 50. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver verifies that all necessary steps before departure have been completed. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 51: Column 1: 51. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The driver decides to depart. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 52: Column 1: 52. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The transport to the next destination is commenced. The truck returns to Step 9. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Truck driver. Row 53: Column 1: 53. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The incoming pallets are scanned. Column 5: 1. Column 6: Logistics operators at O E M. Row 54: Column 1: 54. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The logistics operator verifies that the correct pallets have been received, and the barcodes tell the operators which tugger train the pallets should be loaded onto. Column 5: 2. Column 6: Logistics operators at O E M. Row 55: Column 1: 55. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: The operator decides to place the pallets. Column 5: 3. Column 6: Logistics operators at O E M. Row 56: Column 1: 56. Column 2: Blank. Column 3: Blank. Column 4: Pallets are unstacked and loaded onto a tugger train. Column 5: 4. Column 6: Logistics operators at O E M. The note at the bottom of the table reads, “Note(s): Categorised according to the four types of functions described by (Parasuraman e t a l., 2000): (1) information acquisition, (2) information analysis, (3) decision and action selection, and (4) action implementation. The table presents the flow of pallets from the 3 P L to the O E M. The shaded columns indicate activities performed in loading (L) and unloading (U L).”
