Table 2 Observations and interviews... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Observations and interviews performed

Case	Duration (min)	Roles interviewed/observed	Description
Case 1	50	Supply Chain Engineer 1 (recipient), Supply Chain Engineer 2 (recipient), Truck Driver 1 (transport provider)	Visit to the recipient: Supply Chain Engineers 1 and 2 explained the L/UL, L/UL equipment, and the setup between the sender, transport provider, and receiver. The activities performed by Truck Driver 1 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity
	75	Team Leader 1 (recipient), Logistics Operator 1 (recipient), Logistics Operator 2 (recipient)	Visit to the recipient: Logistics Operators 1 and 2 in the inbound process were observed while they explained the activities being performed. Team Leader 1 in the inbound process was interviewed and explained the processes being performed
	105	Team Leader 2 (sender), Logistics Operator 3 (sender), Truck Driver 2 (transport provider)	Visit to the sender: The activities performed by Truck Driver 2 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity. Logistics Operator 3 was observed while performing the activities preceding loading and explained the activities. Team Leader 2 in the outbound process was interviewed and explained the activities being performed
	55¹	Supply Chain Engineer 3 (recipient)	Online meeting to present the findings of the paper and discuss them with Supply Chain Engineer 3
Case 2	70	Supply Chain Engineer 1 (recipient), Supply Chain Engineer 2 (recipient), Logistics Operator 4 (recipient), Truck Driver 3 (transport provider)	Visit to the recipient: Supply Chain Engineers 1 and 2 were the same individuals as in Case 1 and explained the L/UL, the L/UL equipment, and the setup between sender, transport provider, and recipient. The activities performed by Truck Driver 3 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity. Logistics Operator 4 was interviewed while the activities were observed
	110	Production Manager (sender), Maintenance Employee (sender), Truck Driver 4 (transport provider)	Visit to the sender: The Production Manager explained the L/UL, the L/UL equipment, and the setup between sender, transport provider, and recipient. The activities performed by Truck Driver 4 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity. The Maintenance Employee provided details on potential malfunctions with the L/UL equipment and how to proceed when such malfunctions arise
	55¹	Supply Chain Engineer 3 (recipient)	Online meeting to present the findings of the paper and discuss them with Supply Chain Engineer 3
Case 3	110	General Manager in Logistics (sender/recipient), Logistics Engineer, (sender/recipient), Process Engineer (sender/recipient)	Visit to the sender and recipient: The process of the automated L/UL was explained by the General Manager in Logistics and the Logistics Engineer. The manually performed L/UL activities were observed, and activities that need to be performed automatically were identified. The General Manager in Logistics explained the setup between the factory and the warehouse. The Logistics Engineer and the Process Engineer explained how the AGVs are to be used in L/UL
	480	Logistics Engineer (sender/recipient), Process Engineer (sender/recipient) AGV Supplier, Transport Provider Representative, Operator	The planned operations in the L/UL were observed while being performed manually by the Operator, who highlighted activities regarding information and physical flows, as well as decisions in the L/UL. The AGV Supplier was interviewed regarding the AGVs and how they will be used in L/UL. The Transport Provider Representative was interviewed about the autonomous truck. The Logistics Engineer and Process Engineer were providing information on the IT systems and the technical challenges involved
	50	General Manager in Logistics (sender/recipient), Process Engineer (sender/recipient)	Online meeting to present the findings of paper and discuss them with the General Manager in Logistics and the Process Engineer

Case	Duration (min)	Roles interviewed/observed	Description
Case 1	50	Supply Chain Engineer 1 (recipient), Supply Chain Engineer 2 (recipient), Truck Driver 1 (transport provider)	Visit to the recipient: Supply Chain Engineers 1 and 2 explained the L/UL, L/UL equipment, and the setup between the sender, transport provider, and receiver. The activities performed by Truck Driver 1 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity
	75	Team Leader 1 (recipient), Logistics Operator 1 (recipient), Logistics Operator 2 (recipient)	Visit to the recipient: Logistics Operators 1 and 2 in the inbound process were observed while they explained the activities being performed. Team Leader 1 in the inbound process was interviewed and explained the processes being performed
	105	Team Leader 2 (sender), Logistics Operator 3 (sender), Truck Driver 2 (transport provider)	Visit to the sender: The activities performed by Truck Driver 2 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity. Logistics Operator 3 was observed while performing the activities preceding loading and explained the activities. Team Leader 2 in the outbound process was interviewed and explained the activities being performed
	55¹	Supply Chain Engineer 3 (recipient)	Online meeting to present the findings of the paper and discuss them with Supply Chain Engineer 3
Case 2	70	Supply Chain Engineer 1 (recipient), Supply Chain Engineer 2 (recipient), Logistics Operator 4 (recipient), Truck Driver 3 (transport provider)	Visit to the recipient: Supply Chain Engineers 1 and 2 were the same individuals as in Case 1 and explained the L/UL, the L/UL equipment, and the setup between sender, transport provider, and recipient. The activities performed by Truck Driver 3 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity. Logistics Operator 4 was interviewed while the activities were observed
	110	Production Manager (sender), Maintenance Employee (sender), Truck Driver 4 (transport provider)	Visit to the sender: The Production Manager explained the L/UL, the L/UL equipment, and the setup between sender, transport provider, and recipient. The activities performed by Truck Driver 4 were observed, during which the driver explained each activity. The Maintenance Employee provided details on potential malfunctions with the L/UL equipment and how to proceed when such malfunctions arise
	55¹	Supply Chain Engineer 3 (recipient)	Online meeting to present the findings of the paper and discuss them with Supply Chain Engineer 3
Case 3	110	General Manager in Logistics (sender/recipient), Logistics Engineer, (sender/recipient), Process Engineer (sender/recipient)	Visit to the sender and recipient: The process of the automated L/UL was explained by the General Manager in Logistics and the Logistics Engineer. The manually performed L/UL activities were observed, and activities that need to be performed automatically were identified. The General Manager in Logistics explained the setup between the factory and the warehouse. The Logistics Engineer and the Process Engineer explained how the AGVs are to be used in L/UL
	480	Logistics Engineer (sender/recipient), Process Engineer (sender/recipient)AGV Supplier, Transport Provider Representative, Operator	The planned operations in the L/UL were observed while being performed manually by the Operator, who highlighted activities regarding information and physical flows, as well as decisions in the L/UL. The AGV Supplier was interviewed regarding the AGVs and how they will be used in L/UL. The Transport Provider Representative was interviewed about the autonomous truck. The Logistics Engineer and Process Engineer were providing information on the IT systems and the technical challenges involved
	50	General Manager in Logistics (sender/recipient), Process Engineer (sender/recipient)	Online meeting to present the findings of paper and discuss them with the General Manager in Logistics and the Process Engineer

Note(s): ¹This was the same meeting

Source(s): Table by authors