Operationalizations
| Construct | CR | AVE | Item | Loading | Adapted from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service profitability | 0.785 | 0.647 | The services we offer are profitable | 0.831 | Oliva et al. (2012) |
| A large fraction of our total profit is generated by our service business | 0.781 | ||||
| Non-financial service success | 0.835 | 0.562 | Services enable my company to sell new products to existing customers | 0.712 | Raddats et al. (2015) |
| Services enable my company to win business with new customers | 0.779 | ||||
| Services help my company to retain existing customers | 0.788 | ||||
| My company’s services enhance the performance of our product | 0.707 | ||||
| Perceived complexity of customer needs | 0.801 | 0.570 | The needs of our customers change considerably over time | 0.683 | Gebauer et al. (2011) |
| Our customers tend to look for new offerings all the time | 0.817 | ||||
| New customers tend to have needs that are different from those of our existing customers | 0.771 | ||||
| Perceived customer opportunistic behavior | 0.841 | 0.647 | In working with us, our customers often alter facts in order to meet their own goals and objectives | 0.731 | Palmatier et al. (2007) |
| In working with us, our customers often promise to do things without actually doing them later | 0.847 | ||||
| In working with us, our customers don’t negotiate from a good faith bargaining perspective | 0.822 | ||||
| Perceived customer integrativety | 0.804 | 0.507 | Our customers are willing to share with us all the relevant information we need to provide a high-quality service | 0.737 | Own items, formulation based on Tuli et al. (2007), Helander and Möller (2008) |
| Our customers have sufficient knowledge and resources to facilitate mutual value creation | 0.718 | ||||
| Our customers have a high understanding of our business | 0.709 | ||||
| Our customers are willing to adapt their internal processes to facilitate mutual value creation | 0.688 | ||||
| Provider’s specific investments | 0.823 | 0.611 | We have invested significant resources in providing ongoing training for our customers | 0.759 | Palmatier et al. (2007) |
| We have invested significant resources in providing customized support for our customers | 0.822 | ||||
| We have invested significant resources in improving personal relations between us and our customers | 0.764 | ||||
| Business orientation toward SSP | NA (index) | How actively do you offer the following services? (0 = not offered, 5 offered very actively) Product documentation | NA | Antioco et al. (2008) | |
| Product transportation/delivery | |||||
| Product installation | |||||
| Help desk/call center/customer service hotline | |||||
| Product inspection/diagnosis | |||||
| Product repair and spare parts delivery | |||||
| Product upgrades | |||||
| Product refurbishing | |||||
| Product recycling and dismantling/machine brokering | |||||
| Preventive maintenance | |||||
| Condition monitoring | |||||
| Process-oriented engineering (testing, optimizing and simulating) | |||||
| Business orientation toward SSC | NA (index) | How actively do you offer the following services? (0 = not offered, 5 offered very actively) | NA | Antioco et al. (2008) | |
| Financing services/Leasing | |||||
| Management of spare parts | |||||
| Process-oriented training (quality-driven including technology | |||||
| Business oriented training (financially driven/management training | |||||
| Process oriented consulting (quality-driven including technology | |||||
| Business oriented consulting (financially driven/management consulting) | |||||
| Managing the customer’s maintenance function | |||||
| Research and Development services for customers | |||||
| Fully managing customer’s product-related operations (complete outsourcing and ownership of product by vendor) |
| Construct | CR | AVE | Item | Loading | Adapted from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service profitability | 0.785 | 0.647 | The services we offer are profitable | 0.831 | |
| A large fraction of our total profit is generated by our service business | 0.781 | ||||
| Non-financial service success | 0.835 | 0.562 | Services enable my company to sell new products to existing customers | 0.712 | |
| Services enable my company to win business with new customers | 0.779 | ||||
| Services help my company to retain existing customers | 0.788 | ||||
| My company’s services enhance the performance of our product | 0.707 | ||||
| Perceived complexity of customer needs | 0.801 | 0.570 | The needs of our customers change considerably over time | 0.683 | |
| Our customers tend to look for new offerings all the time | 0.817 | ||||
| New customers tend to have needs that are different from those of our existing customers | 0.771 | ||||
| Perceived customer opportunistic behavior | 0.841 | 0.647 | In working with us, our customers often alter facts in order to meet their own goals and objectives | 0.731 | |
| In working with us, our customers often promise to do things without actually doing them later | 0.847 | ||||
| In working with us, our customers don’t negotiate from a good faith bargaining perspective | 0.822 | ||||
| Perceived customer integrativety | 0.804 | 0.507 | Our customers are willing to share with us all the relevant information we need to provide a high-quality service | 0.737 | Own items, formulation based on |
| Our customers have sufficient knowledge and resources to facilitate mutual value creation | 0.718 | ||||
| Our customers have a high understanding of our business | 0.709 | ||||
| Our customers are willing to adapt their internal processes to facilitate mutual value creation | 0.688 | ||||
| Provider’s specific investments | 0.823 | 0.611 | We have invested significant resources in providing ongoing training for our customers | 0.759 | |
| We have invested significant resources in providing customized support for our customers | 0.822 | ||||
| We have invested significant resources in improving personal relations between us and our customers | 0.764 | ||||
| Business orientation toward SSP | NA (index) | How actively do you offer the following services? (0 = not offered, 5 offered very actively) | NA | ||
| Product transportation/delivery | |||||
| Product installation | |||||
| Help desk/call center/customer service hotline | |||||
| Product inspection/diagnosis | |||||
| Product repair and spare parts delivery | |||||
| Product upgrades | |||||
| Product refurbishing | |||||
| Product recycling and dismantling/machine brokering | |||||
| Preventive maintenance | |||||
| Condition monitoring | |||||
| Process-oriented engineering (testing, optimizing and simulating) | |||||
| Business orientation toward SSC | NA (index) | How actively do you offer the following services? (0 = not offered, 5 offered very actively) | NA | ||
| Financing services/Leasing | |||||
| Management of spare parts | |||||
| Process-oriented training (quality-driven including technology | |||||
| Business oriented training (financially driven/management training | |||||
| Process oriented consulting (quality-driven including technology | |||||
| Business oriented consulting (financially driven/management consulting) | |||||
| Managing the customer’s maintenance function | |||||
| Research and Development services for customers | |||||
| Fully managing customer’s product-related operations (complete outsourcing and ownership of product by vendor) |
Source(s): The above table was created by the author