Table A1

Operationalizations

ConstructCRAVEItemLoadingAdapted from
Service profitability0.7850.647The services we offer are profitable0.831Oliva et al. (2012) 
   A large fraction of our total profit is generated by our service business0.781 
Non-financial service success0.8350.562Services enable my company to sell new products to existing customers0.712Raddats et al. (2015) 
   Services enable my company to win business with new customers0.779 
   Services help my company to retain existing customers0.788 
   My company’s services enhance the performance of our product0.707 
Perceived complexity of customer needs0.8010.570The needs of our customers change considerably over time0.683Gebauer et al. (2011) 
   Our customers tend to look for new offerings all the time0.817 
   New customers tend to have needs that are different from those of our existing customers0.771 
Perceived customer opportunistic behavior0.8410.647In working with us, our customers often alter facts in order to meet their own goals and objectives0.731Palmatier et al. (2007) 
   In working with us, our customers often promise to do things without actually doing them later0.847 
   In working with us, our customers don’t negotiate from a good faith bargaining perspective0.822 
Perceived customer integrativety0.8040.507Our customers are willing to share with us all the relevant information we need to provide a high-quality service0.737Own items, formulation based on Tuli et al. (2007), Helander and Möller (2008) 
   Our customers have sufficient knowledge and resources to facilitate mutual value creation0.718 
   Our customers have a high understanding of our business0.709 
   Our customers are willing to adapt their internal processes to facilitate mutual value creation0.688 
Provider’s specific investments0.8230.611We have invested significant resources in providing ongoing training for our customers0.759Palmatier et al. (2007) 
   We have invested significant resources in providing customized support for our customers0.822 
   We have invested significant resources in improving personal relations between us and our customers0.764 
Business orientation toward SSPNA (index) How actively do you offer the following services? (0 = not offered, 5 offered very actively)
Product documentation
NAAntioco et al. (2008) 
Product transportation/delivery
Product installation
Help desk/call center/customer service hotline
Product inspection/diagnosis
Product repair and spare parts delivery
Product upgrades
Product refurbishing
Product recycling and dismantling/machine brokering
Preventive maintenance
Condition monitoring
Process-oriented engineering (testing, optimizing and simulating)
Business orientation toward SSCNA (index) How actively do you offer the following services? (0 = not offered, 5 offered very actively)NAAntioco et al. (2008) 
Financing services/Leasing
Management of spare parts
Process-oriented training (quality-driven including technology
Business oriented training (financially driven/management training
Process oriented consulting (quality-driven including technology
Business oriented consulting (financially driven/management consulting)
Managing the customer’s maintenance function
Research and Development services for customers
Fully managing customer’s product-related operations (complete outsourcing and ownership of product by vendor)

Source(s): The above table was created by the author

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