Table 3 RIF-Regression decomposition q1...

Table 3

RIF-Regression decomposition

	q1	q2	q3	q4	q5	q6	q7	q8	q9
	Education
% wage difference	0.483	0.406	0.214	0.133	0.055	0.009	−0.037	−0.130	−0.286
z-stat	30.93	62.04	45.91	36.61	17.33	2.78	−12.01	−37.79	−52.27
Explained	0.287	0.219	0.186	0.134	0.088	0.048	−0.004	−0.055	−0.156
z-stat	27.95	26.57	31.16	30.46	23.42	12.80	−1.14	−12.92	−21.84
Unexplained	0.196	0.187	0.028	−0.002	−0.033	−0.039	−0.033	−0.075	−0.130
z-stat	10.69	22.66	4.69	−0.34	−7.77	−9.08	−7.41	−15.08	−16.50
	Arts
% wage difference	−0.138	−0.293	−0.317	−0.229	−0.133	−0.088	−0.079	−0.082	−0.082
z-stat	−5.73	−10.37	−9.85	−6.49	−5.93	−5.33	−5.40	−5.12	−2.97
Explained	−0.138	−0.237	−0.143	−0.092	−0.067	−0.051	−0.040	−0.027	0.007
z-stat	−6.59	−8.44	−8.85	−8.39	−8.11	−6.97	−5.70	−3.30	0.54
Unexplained	0.000	−0.056	−0.174	−0.137	−0.066	−0.037	−0.040	−0.055	−0.089
z-stat	0.01	−2.07	−6.81	−4.70	−3.53	−2.59	−2.96	−3.63	−3.35
	Humanities
% wage difference	0.398	0.260	0.094	0.030	−0.022	−0.062	−0.103	−0.135	−0.204
z-stat	21.84	28.49	15.19	6.08	−4.94	−14.29	−21.65	−20.89	−21.70
Explained	0.259	0.347	0.208	0.107	0.047	−0.006	−0.041	−0.077	−0.139
z-stat	27.58	31.61	28.60	20.36	11.06	−1.56	−10.99	−17.71	−19.04
Unexplained	0.139	−0.088	−0.114	−0.076	−0.069	−0.057	−0.063	−0.058	−0.065
z-stat	7.64	−8.10	−15.50	−13.61	−14.13	−11.97	−12.10	−8.08	−5.86
	Business and management
% wage difference	−0.128	−0.194	−0.155	−0.115	−0.084	−0.067	−0.036	−0.054	−0.133
z-stat	−14.67	−18.07	−20.06	−23.48	−19.56	−17.06	−8.85	−12.05	−18.91
Explained	−0.108	−0.132	−0.088	−0.060	−0.041	−0.027	−0.016	−0.009	−0.034
z-stat	−17.17	−16.85	−18.04	−18.88	−15.28	−10.86	−6.54	−3.28	−6.83
Unexplained	−0.020	−0.062	−0.067	−0.055	−0.043	−0.041	−0.020	−0.044	−0.099
z-stat	−2.23	−6.49	−10.33	−13.07	−11.58	−11.51	−5.36	−10.25	−13.41
	Law
% wage difference	0.554	0.407	0.322	0.345	0.425	0.499	0.563	0.688	0.665
z-stat	16.32	18.35	12.62	13.46	16.06	21.56	18.88	24.32	54.16
Explained	0.281	0.420	0.250	0.176	0.148	0.147	0.155	0.168	0.160
z-stat	14.77	15.76	16.64	17.11	18.53	20.26	20.83	20.30	12.00
Unexplained	0.273	−0.013	0.072	0.170	0.277	0.352	0.408	0.521	0.505
z-stat	9.05	−0.55	3.41	8.09	12.22	17.60	15.37	20.10	30.98
	Personal services
% wage difference	−0.163	−0.258	−0.222	−0.159	−0.138	−0.124	−0.108	−0.115	−0.181
z-stat	−7.12	−7.07	−6.99	−8.62	−8.96	−9.05	−8.05	−9.00	−13.44
Explained	−0.261	−0.293	−0.180	−0.126	−0.099	−0.085	−0.079	−0.091	−0.148
z-stat	−14.14	−11.81	−12.59	−13.63	−13.66	−13.09	−12.49	−12.77	−13.28
Unexplained	0.098	0.035	−0.042	−0.032	−0.039	−0.038	−0.030	−0.025	−0.033
z-stat	4.42	1.19	−1.72	−2.27	−3.13	−3.30	−2.49	−2.03	−2.28
	Social sciences and services (others)
% wage difference	0.169	0.171	0.059	0.030	0.007	0.005	0.006	0.032	0.025
z-stat	8.95	14.77	8.40	5.06	1.36	0.98	1.08	4.65	1.89
Explained	0.101	0.141	0.062	0.032	0.023	0.025	0.037	0.046	0.048
z-stat	13.47	14.24	10.32	7.61	7.00	7.78	11.40	12.38	7.77
Unexplained	0.068	0.030	−0.002	−0.001	−0.016	−0.020	−0.030	−0.014	−0.024
z-stat	3.96	2.92	−0.38	−0.28	−3.37	−4.17	−5.80	−2.17	−1.95
	Hard sciences
% wage difference	0.077	0.043	0.036	0.052	0.070	0.067	0.049	0.051	0.088
z-stat	3.65	1.95	2.24	4.71	8.04	8.61	6.18	5.09	4.26
Explained	0.050	0.066	0.058	0.056	0.052	0.051	0.048	0.055	0.094
z-stat	4.66	4.33	6.53	9.18	11.21	12.29	11.39	11.18	11.26
Unexplained	0.028	−0.023	−0.023	−0.004	0.018	0.016	0.002	−0.004	−0.006
z-stat	1.44	−1.24	−1.77	−0.42	2.49	2.36	0.25	−0.40	−0.32
	Maths and statistics
% wage difference	0.204	0.131	0.058	0.044	0.013	0.006	−0.011	−0.032	0.002
z-stat	4.23	4.61	3.25	3.29	1.18	0.55	−0.97	−2.16	0.05
Explained	0.170	0.258	0.167	0.108	0.072	0.047	0.018	−0.013	−0.042
z-stat	12.56	13.86	15.11	13.93	11.59	7.99	2.96	−1.73	−3.22
Unexplained	0.034	−0.127	−0.108	−0.064	−0.059	−0.041	−0.029	−0.018	0.043
z-stat	0.75	−4.82	−6.71	−5.32	−5.66	−4.27	−2.88	−1.39	1.46
	Computing
% wage difference	−0.235	−0.437	−0.484	−0.408	−0.278	−0.180	−0.091	−0.019	0.071
z-stat	−11.00	−18.68	−17.90	−12.91	−8.57	−6.71	−3.39	−0.80	1.73
Explained	−0.321	−0.512	−0.305	−0.194	−0.131	−0.096	−0.070	−0.037	0.006
z-stat	−15.36	−19.33	−20.37	−18.95	−15.51	−12.06	−8.64	−3.85	0.38
Unexplained	0.087	0.075	−0.180	−0.214	−0.147	−0.084	−0.021	0.018	0.065
z-stat	3.62	2.91	−8.12	−8.04	−5.23	−3.72	−0.91	0.92	1.75
	Engineering
% wage difference	−0.221	−0.416	−0.409	−0.288	−0.156	−0.082	−0.018	0.020	0.059
z-stat	−24.43	−41.46	−40.63	−26.09	−16.82	−11.40	−2.72	2.79	5.33
Explained	−0.388	−0.481	−0.296	−0.235	−0.174	−0.116	−0.082	−0.053	−0.032
z-stat	−37.76	−50.53	−50.71	−46.39	−41.82	−33.80	−25.12	−14.49	−5.27
Unexplained	0.167	0.065	−0.112	−0.052	0.018	0.034	0.064	0.072	0.090
z-stat	13.49	6.22	−13.69	−5.79	2.28	5.36	10.59	10.78	8.12
	Manufacturing
% wage difference	−0.280	−0.439	−0.467	−0.350	−0.235	−0.127	−0.059	−0.062	−0.078
z-stat	−14.55	−18.61	−14.79	−11.08	−9.29	−5.23	−3.63	−3.94	−3.48
Explained	−0.322	−0.503	−0.293	−0.178	−0.122	−0.091	−0.059	−0.042	−0.022
z-stat	−16.21	−19.60	−19.78	−17.87	−15.59	−12.70	−8.66	−5.30	−1.80
Unexplained	0.042	0.064	−0.174	−0.172	−0.113	−0.036	0.001	−0.020	−0.056
z-stat	1.96	2.73	−7.00	−6.68	−5.43	−1.76	0.04	−1.41	−2.59
	Architecture
% wage difference	−0.029	−0.040	−0.051	−0.008	0.006	0.035	0.049	0.037	−0.005
z-stat	−1.34	−1.69	−2.90	−0.69	0.53	3.89	5.72	4.02	−0.36
Explained	−0.028	−0.100	−0.072	−0.038	−0.018	0.003	0.019	0.039	0.049
z-stat	−2.06	−5.61	−7.14	−5.79	−3.41	0.59	4.06	7.21	5.41
Unexplained	−0.001	0.060	0.020	0.030	0.023	0.033	0.030	−0.003	−0.054
z-stat	−0.05	2.87	1.38	2.97	2.60	4.11	3.88	−0.29	−3.95
	Agriculture and veterinary
% wage difference	0.013	0.072	0.067	0.086	0.093	0.092	0.061	0.047	−0.050
z-stat	0.53	2.98	4.64	8.35	11.24	13.32	9.00	6.58	−5.41
Explained	0.073	0.111	0.061	0.046	0.043	0.046	0.051	0.061	0.066
z-stat	6.31	6.92	6.74	7.46	9.10	10.77	11.77	12.56	8.09
Unexplained	−0.060	−0.039	0.006	0.040	0.050	0.046	0.011	−0.014	−0.116
z-stat	−2.83	−2.04	0.51	4.74	7.13	7.55	1.72	−1.92	−10.31
	Health
% wage difference	0.730	0.554	0.406	0.420	0.501	0.617	0.710	0.758	0.791
z-stat	48.88	54.83	41.93	29.48	32.65	44.44	59.27	68.44	65.56
Explained	0.303	0.387	0.259	0.230	0.207	0.165	0.127	0.102	0.107
z-stat	17.96	19.51	19.95	21.85	21.78	19.45	16.56	13.28	10.31
Unexplained	0.427	0.167	0.147	0.190	0.294	0.452	0.583	0.657	0.685
z-stat	19.60	7.99	9.71	11.49	17.72	30.58	45.61	54.94	47.36

	q1	q2	q3	q4	q5	q6	q7	q8	q9
	Education
% wage difference	0.483	0.406	0.214	0.133	0.055	0.009	−0.037	−0.130	−0.286
z-stat	30.93	62.04	45.91	36.61	17.33	2.78	−12.01	−37.79	−52.27
Explained	0.287	0.219	0.186	0.134	0.088	0.048	−0.004	−0.055	−0.156
z-stat	27.95	26.57	31.16	30.46	23.42	12.80	−1.14	−12.92	−21.84
Unexplained	0.196	0.187	0.028	−0.002	−0.033	−0.039	−0.033	−0.075	−0.130
z-stat	10.69	22.66	4.69	−0.34	−7.77	−9.08	−7.41	−15.08	−16.50
	Arts
% wage difference	−0.138	−0.293	−0.317	−0.229	−0.133	−0.088	−0.079	−0.082	−0.082
z-stat	−5.73	−10.37	−9.85	−6.49	−5.93	−5.33	−5.40	−5.12	−2.97
Explained	−0.138	−0.237	−0.143	−0.092	−0.067	−0.051	−0.040	−0.027	0.007
z-stat	−6.59	−8.44	−8.85	−8.39	−8.11	−6.97	−5.70	−3.30	0.54
Unexplained	0.000	−0.056	−0.174	−0.137	−0.066	−0.037	−0.040	−0.055	−0.089
z-stat	0.01	−2.07	−6.81	−4.70	−3.53	−2.59	−2.96	−3.63	−3.35
	Humanities
% wage difference	0.398	0.260	0.094	0.030	−0.022	−0.062	−0.103	−0.135	−0.204
z-stat	21.84	28.49	15.19	6.08	−4.94	−14.29	−21.65	−20.89	−21.70
Explained	0.259	0.347	0.208	0.107	0.047	−0.006	−0.041	−0.077	−0.139
z-stat	27.58	31.61	28.60	20.36	11.06	−1.56	−10.99	−17.71	−19.04
Unexplained	0.139	−0.088	−0.114	−0.076	−0.069	−0.057	−0.063	−0.058	−0.065
z-stat	7.64	−8.10	−15.50	−13.61	−14.13	−11.97	−12.10	−8.08	−5.86
	Business and management
% wage difference	−0.128	−0.194	−0.155	−0.115	−0.084	−0.067	−0.036	−0.054	−0.133
z-stat	−14.67	−18.07	−20.06	−23.48	−19.56	−17.06	−8.85	−12.05	−18.91
Explained	−0.108	−0.132	−0.088	−0.060	−0.041	−0.027	−0.016	−0.009	−0.034
z-stat	−17.17	−16.85	−18.04	−18.88	−15.28	−10.86	−6.54	−3.28	−6.83
Unexplained	−0.020	−0.062	−0.067	−0.055	−0.043	−0.041	−0.020	−0.044	−0.099
z-stat	−2.23	−6.49	−10.33	−13.07	−11.58	−11.51	−5.36	−10.25	−13.41
	Law
% wage difference	0.554	0.407	0.322	0.345	0.425	0.499	0.563	0.688	0.665
z-stat	16.32	18.35	12.62	13.46	16.06	21.56	18.88	24.32	54.16
Explained	0.281	0.420	0.250	0.176	0.148	0.147	0.155	0.168	0.160
z-stat	14.77	15.76	16.64	17.11	18.53	20.26	20.83	20.30	12.00
Unexplained	0.273	−0.013	0.072	0.170	0.277	0.352	0.408	0.521	0.505
z-stat	9.05	−0.55	3.41	8.09	12.22	17.60	15.37	20.10	30.98
	Personal services
% wage difference	−0.163	−0.258	−0.222	−0.159	−0.138	−0.124	−0.108	−0.115	−0.181
z-stat	−7.12	−7.07	−6.99	−8.62	−8.96	−9.05	−8.05	−9.00	−13.44
Explained	−0.261	−0.293	−0.180	−0.126	−0.099	−0.085	−0.079	−0.091	−0.148
z-stat	−14.14	−11.81	−12.59	−13.63	−13.66	−13.09	−12.49	−12.77	−13.28
Unexplained	0.098	0.035	−0.042	−0.032	−0.039	−0.038	−0.030	−0.025	−0.033
z-stat	4.42	1.19	−1.72	−2.27	−3.13	−3.30	−2.49	−2.03	−2.28
	Social sciences and services (others)
% wage difference	0.169	0.171	0.059	0.030	0.007	0.005	0.006	0.032	0.025
z-stat	8.95	14.77	8.40	5.06	1.36	0.98	1.08	4.65	1.89
Explained	0.101	0.141	0.062	0.032	0.023	0.025	0.037	0.046	0.048
z-stat	13.47	14.24	10.32	7.61	7.00	7.78	11.40	12.38	7.77
Unexplained	0.068	0.030	−0.002	−0.001	−0.016	−0.020	−0.030	−0.014	−0.024
z-stat	3.96	2.92	−0.38	−0.28	−3.37	−4.17	−5.80	−2.17	−1.95
	Hard sciences
% wage difference	0.077	0.043	0.036	0.052	0.070	0.067	0.049	0.051	0.088
z-stat	3.65	1.95	2.24	4.71	8.04	8.61	6.18	5.09	4.26
Explained	0.050	0.066	0.058	0.056	0.052	0.051	0.048	0.055	0.094
z-stat	4.66	4.33	6.53	9.18	11.21	12.29	11.39	11.18	11.26
Unexplained	0.028	−0.023	−0.023	−0.004	0.018	0.016	0.002	−0.004	−0.006
z-stat	1.44	−1.24	−1.77	−0.42	2.49	2.36	0.25	−0.40	−0.32
	Maths and statistics
% wage difference	0.204	0.131	0.058	0.044	0.013	0.006	−0.011	−0.032	0.002
z-stat	4.23	4.61	3.25	3.29	1.18	0.55	−0.97	−2.16	0.05
Explained	0.170	0.258	0.167	0.108	0.072	0.047	0.018	−0.013	−0.042
z-stat	12.56	13.86	15.11	13.93	11.59	7.99	2.96	−1.73	−3.22
Unexplained	0.034	−0.127	−0.108	−0.064	−0.059	−0.041	−0.029	−0.018	0.043
z-stat	0.75	−4.82	−6.71	−5.32	−5.66	−4.27	−2.88	−1.39	1.46
	Computing
% wage difference	−0.235	−0.437	−0.484	−0.408	−0.278	−0.180	−0.091	−0.019	0.071
z-stat	−11.00	−18.68	−17.90	−12.91	−8.57	−6.71	−3.39	−0.80	1.73
Explained	−0.321	−0.512	−0.305	−0.194	−0.131	−0.096	−0.070	−0.037	0.006
z-stat	−15.36	−19.33	−20.37	−18.95	−15.51	−12.06	−8.64	−3.85	0.38
Unexplained	0.087	0.075	−0.180	−0.214	−0.147	−0.084	−0.021	0.018	0.065
z-stat	3.62	2.91	−8.12	−8.04	−5.23	−3.72	−0.91	0.92	1.75
	Engineering
% wage difference	−0.221	−0.416	−0.409	−0.288	−0.156	−0.082	−0.018	0.020	0.059
z-stat	−24.43	−41.46	−40.63	−26.09	−16.82	−11.40	−2.72	2.79	5.33
Explained	−0.388	−0.481	−0.296	−0.235	−0.174	−0.116	−0.082	−0.053	−0.032
z-stat	−37.76	−50.53	−50.71	−46.39	−41.82	−33.80	−25.12	−14.49	−5.27
Unexplained	0.167	0.065	−0.112	−0.052	0.018	0.034	0.064	0.072	0.090
z-stat	13.49	6.22	−13.69	−5.79	2.28	5.36	10.59	10.78	8.12
	Manufacturing
% wage difference	−0.280	−0.439	−0.467	−0.350	−0.235	−0.127	−0.059	−0.062	−0.078
z-stat	−14.55	−18.61	−14.79	−11.08	−9.29	−5.23	−3.63	−3.94	−3.48
Explained	−0.322	−0.503	−0.293	−0.178	−0.122	−0.091	−0.059	−0.042	−0.022
z-stat	−16.21	−19.60	−19.78	−17.87	−15.59	−12.70	−8.66	−5.30	−1.80
Unexplained	0.042	0.064	−0.174	−0.172	−0.113	−0.036	0.001	−0.020	−0.056
z-stat	1.96	2.73	−7.00	−6.68	−5.43	−1.76	0.04	−1.41	−2.59
	Architecture
% wage difference	−0.029	−0.040	−0.051	−0.008	0.006	0.035	0.049	0.037	−0.005
z-stat	−1.34	−1.69	−2.90	−0.69	0.53	3.89	5.72	4.02	−0.36
Explained	−0.028	−0.100	−0.072	−0.038	−0.018	0.003	0.019	0.039	0.049
z-stat	−2.06	−5.61	−7.14	−5.79	−3.41	0.59	4.06	7.21	5.41
Unexplained	−0.001	0.060	0.020	0.030	0.023	0.033	0.030	−0.003	−0.054
z-stat	−0.05	2.87	1.38	2.97	2.60	4.11	3.88	−0.29	−3.95
	Agriculture and veterinary
% wage difference	0.013	0.072	0.067	0.086	0.093	0.092	0.061	0.047	−0.050
z-stat	0.53	2.98	4.64	8.35	11.24	13.32	9.00	6.58	−5.41
Explained	0.073	0.111	0.061	0.046	0.043	0.046	0.051	0.061	0.066
z-stat	6.31	6.92	6.74	7.46	9.10	10.77	11.77	12.56	8.09
Unexplained	−0.060	−0.039	0.006	0.040	0.050	0.046	0.011	−0.014	−0.116
z-stat	−2.83	−2.04	0.51	4.74	7.13	7.55	1.72	−1.92	−10.31
	Health
% wage difference	0.730	0.554	0.406	0.420	0.501	0.617	0.710	0.758	0.791
z-stat	48.88	54.83	41.93	29.48	32.65	44.44	59.27	68.44	65.56
Explained	0.303	0.387	0.259	0.230	0.207	0.165	0.127	0.102	0.107
z-stat	17.96	19.51	19.95	21.85	21.78	19.45	16.56	13.28	10.31
Unexplained	0.427	0.167	0.147	0.190	0.294	0.452	0.583	0.657	0.685
z-stat	19.60	7.99	9.71	11.49	17.72	30.58	45.61	54.94	47.36

Note(s): z-statistics based on robust standard errors. The results are obtained from the twofold RIF decomposition, based on the pooled estimation with the corresponding field of study dummies. All regressions contain controls for wave dummies, previous potential experience, current job tenure and firm size (all quadratic), dummies for marital status, number of children, and dummies for occupation, sector and nuts2 regions

Source(s): Table created by authors

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