Definition of the variables
| Variables | Definitions | Source |
|---|---|---|
| DE1 (benchmark) | PC adoption in businesses | Istat |
| DE2 | Broadband deployment in businesses | Istat |
| DE3 | Website proliferation in businesses | Istat |
| DE4 | Degree of Internet use in businesses | Istat |
| REG | Regulatory Quality | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| CORR | Control of Corruption | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| GOV | Government Effectiveness | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| RULE | Rule of Law | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| VA | Voice and Accountability | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| IQI_MEAN | Institutional Quality (Mean) | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| IQI_PCA | Institutional Quality (PCA) | Nifo and Vecchione (2014) |
| GDP | Gross domestic product to inhabitant | Istat |
| FD | Private bank credit as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product | Istat |
| EXP | Exports as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product | Istat |
| GINI | Income inequality, incorporating rents | Istat |
| GRAD | Percentage of graduates in the 25–64-year-old population | Istat |
| POP | Average age of the population, in years | Istat |
| INC | Disposable income to population (in current prices) | Istat |
| Variables | Definitions | Source |
|---|---|---|
| DE1 (benchmark) | PC adoption in businesses | Istat |
| DE2 | Broadband deployment in businesses | Istat |
| DE3 | Website proliferation in businesses | Istat |
| DE4 | Degree of Internet use in businesses | Istat |
| REG | Regulatory Quality | |
| CORR | Control of Corruption | |
| GOV | Government Effectiveness | |
| RULE | Rule of Law | |
| VA | Voice and Accountability | |
| IQI_MEAN | Institutional Quality (Mean) | |
| IQI_PCA | Institutional Quality (PCA) | |
| GDP | Gross domestic product to inhabitant | Istat |
| FD | Private bank credit as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product | Istat |
| EXP | Exports as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product | Istat |
| GINI | Income inequality, incorporating rents | Istat |
| GRAD | Percentage of graduates in the 25–64-year-old population | Istat |
| POP | Average age of the population, in years | Istat |
| INC | Disposable income to population (in current prices) | Istat |
Source(s): Authors’ elaboration on ISTAT and Nifo and Vecchione (2014) data
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