Multilevel results towards leader outcomes (self-rated) – study 1 (Pakistan) and study 2 (New Zealand)
| Study 1 leader outcomes (self-rated) | Study 2 leader outcomes (self-rated) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effects model to PA (L) | Direct effects model to NA (L) | Direct effects model to social mindfulness (L) | Direct effects model to PA (L) | Direct effects model to NA (L) | Direct effects model to social mindfulness (L) | |||||||
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
| Intercept | 4.407‡ | 0.04 | 1.862‡ | 0.04 | 4.055‡ | 0.04 | 4.200‡ | 0.02 | 1.571‡ | 0.02 | 4.054‡ | 0.02 |
| Age (F) | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.07** | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.03 |
| Age (L) | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.17‡ | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.09‡ | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Team size (L) | 0.02 | 0.04 | −0.29‡ | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.07‡ | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.02 |
| Emotional acting (F) | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.05* | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| PA (F) | 0.48‡ | 0.06 | −0.38‡ | 0.06 | 0.50‡ | 0.06 | 0.35‡ | 0.05 | −0.13** | 0.06 | 0.12* | 0.05 |
| NA (F) | −0.16** | 0.06 | 0.28‡ | 0.05 | −0.30‡ | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.07 | −0.16‡ | 0.06 |
| Variance level 1 (F) | 0.44‡ | 0.03 | 0.40‡ | 0.03 | 0.45‡ | 0.04 | 0.11‡ | 0.01 | 0.12‡ | 0.01 | 0.11‡ | 0.01 |
| −2 Log likelihood | 663.033 | 629.826 | 676.113 | 147.450 | 165.028 | 132.078 | ||||||
| Study 1 leader outcomes (self-rated) | Study 2 leader outcomes (self-rated) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effects model to PA (L) | Direct effects model to NA (L) | Direct effects model to social mindfulness (L) | Direct effects model to PA (L) | Direct effects model to NA (L) | Direct effects model to social mindfulness (L) | |||||||
| Intercept | 4.407‡ | 0.04 | 1.862‡ | 0.04 | 4.055‡ | 0.04 | 4.200‡ | 0.02 | 1.571‡ | 0.02 | 4.054‡ | 0.02 |
| Age (F) | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.07** | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.03 |
| Age (L) | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.17‡ | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.09‡ | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Team size (L) | 0.02 | 0.04 | −0.29‡ | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.07‡ | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.02 |
| Emotional acting (F) | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.05* | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| PA (F) | 0.48‡ | 0.06 | −0.38‡ | 0.06 | 0.50‡ | 0.06 | 0.35‡ | 0.05 | −0.13** | 0.06 | 0.12* | 0.05 |
| NA (F) | −0.16** | 0.06 | 0.28‡ | 0.05 | −0.30‡ | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.07 | −0.16‡ | 0.06 |
| Variance level 1 (F) | 0.44‡ | 0.03 | 0.40‡ | 0.03 | 0.45‡ | 0.04 | 0.11‡ | 0.01 | 0.12‡ | 0.01 | 0.11‡ | 0.01 |
| −2 Log likelihood | 663.033 | 629.826 | 676.113 | 147.450 | 165.028 | 132.078 | ||||||
Note(s): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001. (L) = Leader, (F) = Followers. SE = standard estimate
Study 1: N = 330 followers and 106 leaders, Study 2: N = 226 followers and 73 leaders
Source(s): Authors’ own work